CA2113238A1 - Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono-and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, a method for their preparation, and their use - Google Patents

Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono-and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, a method for their preparation, and their use

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Publication number
CA2113238A1
CA2113238A1 CA002113238A CA2113238A CA2113238A1 CA 2113238 A1 CA2113238 A1 CA 2113238A1 CA 002113238 A CA002113238 A CA 002113238A CA 2113238 A CA2113238 A CA 2113238A CA 2113238 A1 CA2113238 A1 CA 2113238A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
radical
carbon atoms
linear
groups
branched
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002113238A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Pohmer
Rainer Weber
Hans-Dieter Block
Hans-Heinrich Moretto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2113238A1 publication Critical patent/CA2113238A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/44Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen and phosphorus
    • D06M13/447Phosphonates or phosphinates containing nitrogen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30Phosphinic acids R2P(=O)(OH); Thiophosphinic acids, i.e. R2P(=X)(XH) (X = S, Se)
    • C07F9/301Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids RP(=O)(OH)2; Thiophosphonic acids, i.e. RP(=X)(XH)2 (X = S, Se)
    • C07F9/3804Phosphonic acids RP(=O)(OH)2; Thiophosphonic acids, i.e. RP(=X)(XH)2 (X = S, Se) not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/292Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
    • D06M13/298Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof containing halogen atoms

Abstract

FLUORINATED CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS OF PHOSPHONO- AND
PHOSPHINOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS CONTAINING ACRYLATE AND/OR
METHACRYLATE GROUPS, A METHOD FOR THEIR PREPARATION, AND THEIR
USE

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, their use as waterproofing or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.

Description

- 1 - 2~,132~

:1 i, FLIJOE~INP.~ED CARBOXYLIC ACID E8TER8 OF PH08P~O~O~
il PIIOE~PIII~OCARBOXYLI~ AC!ID8 CO~lrAINING AC~YI.Aq!E A~TD/OR
~ETHACRYL.ATE GROtlPS, A NBq~lOD l?OR ~ IEIR PREPA~ATIVlil, AND T~

The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acidr,containing acrylate and/or :
methacrylate groups~ their use ac waterproofing and/or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.

Compounds containing perfluoroalkyl groups are widely used in impregnation agents in industry due to their waterproofing and oil-repellency properties (see Ullmann, Enzyklopadie dar technischen Chemie, Fourth Edition, ~976, Volume 11, page 644;
and ibid, Fifth ~dition, 1988, Volume A1~, pages 373-374).
Typical applications comprise their use as an impregnation agent ~or waterproofing and imparting oil-repellency to textiles (see Ullmann, Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, Fourth Edition~ 1983, Volume 23, page ~7), leather ~see Ullmann, Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, Fourth Edition, 1978, Volume 16, page 168) and paper (see J~No MeuBdoerffer and H. Niederpr~m, Chemikerzeitung 104 (1980~ 45-52).

Examples of proofing agents such as these comprise alcohols and acrylates containing per~luoro groups, or their polymer dispersions (see J.N. MeuBdoerffer and H. Niederpr~m,--Chemikerzeitung 104 (1980) 45-52; and Ullmann, Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, Fourth Edition, 1983, Volume 23, page 87). Routes for their synthesis are described by J.N.
:~ MeuBdoerffer and H. Niederpr~m in Chemikerzeitung 104 (1980) 45-52.

Le A 29 528 - FC
~" i ;''. ~ .

':

~323~
,, .
The perfluorinated compounds used as starting materials in the above-mentioned fluorinated surfactants are produced ~l industrially by three different routes:

a) electrochemical ~luorination;
., :~ b) telomerization of perfluorolefines, particularly ~ tetrafluoroethylene; and ~-., ~, 10 c~ oligomerization of tetra~luo:roethyl~ne.

! The above-mentioned methods of preparing perfluorinated : starting materials are very expensive on an industrial scale, ; which results in high manufacturing costs for the desired chemical compounds containing perfluoro groups.
;1 The object of the invention is to provide modified organic compounds containing fluoro groups which have waterproofing ` and/or oil-repellency properti~s, and which can be produced simply and inexpensiYely.

This object is achieved by means of the fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups according to the invention.

The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters o~ phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylir acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, of general formula (I):
O
O C~ ~ CH2 ) O--R ( I ), 3 5 / P--Z--C~ ( CH2 ) n--( ~ ) m--lrm~RF
HO O RH
' Le A 29 52~

', .

.
~ 3 - 2~132~8 . :
, where ~ A
:J, R1 is a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group or '' a phenyl radical, -; 5 ~ RF is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl radical with 1 to 1~
'l carbon atoms, or a ~luorinated, branched or linear `~ monomeric ether or polyether with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, , !
10 RH is a linear or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, :, R is an acrylate group of structure ~-0-C--CH=CH~
1l 15 ll 'I o :1, ~! or a methacrylate group of structure , --o-C--cH=cH2 ji'`~ 20 ll l , Y represents a `I O O O
': C=O, S- , -V--S- or -~-C - group, , O :

Z represents a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical (trivalent hydrocarbon radical) with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 :~
carbon atoms, interrupted by amino groups which may . themsalves contain Cl to C10 alkyl groups or aryl groups as substituents, or Le A 29 528 : `

'~' : :.
,~,',~ , "~. :

.

4 _ 2~ L3238 .! a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms with one or more substituent groups of structure -COR2, ` or a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms with one or more substituent groups of ~i structure -PO2HR1, where R1 has the same meaning as above, . .
~ m may be 0 or 1, ,, 10 n is an integer from 0 to 6, o is an integer from 0 to 6, and , 15 R2 represents a hydroxyl radical, or a radical of structure O----(CH2)n--(N)m--Ym RF
, I
RH

~9 or a radical of structure O-(CH2)o~R, or , :
a linear or branched alkoxy radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where n, m, o, R~, RF~ R and Y have the same 3 25 - meaning as above, and their salts.

The fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups are preferably those in which RF is a ! linear or branched fluoroalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon j atoms.

Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or l~ phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or ¦ methacrylate groups, in which RH represents an alkyl radical j with one or two carbon atoms, are preferred.

~ Le A 29 528 ., _, . ~ .
.

,::

.
2113'~8 Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or b phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylatA and/or methacrylate groups, in which n is one or two, are particularly pre~erred.

.~
Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, in which o is one or two, are particularly preferred.
Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, in which m is equal to -one , are particularly preferred.
, For example, particularly preferred fluorinated carboxylic acid esters o~ phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids - containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups have the ` following structure:

CH2--C ( ) ~CH2--CH2--N ( CH3 )--S2--C8F17 HO
/ P ~C - C(O)--O--~H2--CH2-N(CH3) - S2--~8F17 HO

1 ~
C~2--~C(O)----O----CH2----CH2----O----C(O)----CH=CH~
' .- ~

Le A 29 528 :.

! ' 6 2 l ~ 3 2 3 8 ... .
O CH2--C(O)----S----CH2--CH2--N(CH3)--S02--~C4Fg HO ll l P__C--C(O)--O--ClsH37 ,1 EIO/
~, fH2 `,'' 10 i CH2 -c(o~--o--cH2--cH2--o--c(o)--c(cH3)=cH2 ,~
., .
The radicals listed below are particularly preferred:

ExamPles of ~F
CF3-(CF2)2 !~; CF3-(CF2)3 j CF3-(CF2)5 :: 20 CF3-(CF2)6 CF3- ( CF2 ) 7 : C~3-(CF~

i~ CF3C6F4 H-(CF2)6 -(~F2)2-o-j : CF3-CF2-CF2-0-~F(CF3)-~; CF3-CF2-tCF2-O-cFlcF31]2-CF3-cF2-[cF2-o-cF(cF3~]

~: ExamELles of Z:
~: 35 CH-, C(CH3)-~

CH-CH2-, Le A_29 528 ., .

~r ~ }~

;3 ~ 7 - 2 1 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~

'' --CH2-CH--CH2- , ' 5 CH2-cH2-lH CH2-`;' \
lo CH--CH--P3H2 1 :1 1 ,, -CH2-C-CH2 CH2-COOH, , 15 1 :
!/ -CH2-C-cH2-cH2Po3H2r i 20 ;~ -CH2-C-CH~COOH)-CH2-COOH, , 25 ¦~ C~-cH ~-cH2- ~ :

3 30 -CH2-CH2-C-cH2~cH2-po3H2~ -~ . I I
C~2-C-CH2-CH2-CN , : 35 1 ~-,; HO-C(CH3)-ClH-cH2~ , ; .
I~ 40 --C~H2--N--CH2 ~: The fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or ~: phosphinocarboxylic a~ids containing acrylate and/or ~ethacrylate g:roups according to the invention may be prepared by multi-stage synthesis, employing esterification reactions of the corresponding phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids Le A 29 528 :

'i,, ~ ` -` 21~3238 or their salts with alcohols containing fluoro groups and , hydroxy~unctional acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives:

~,1 5 O 2-i O 11 5 `J 10 2 R~ AX+ + x HO~ ( CH2 ) n--~ N ) m Ym--RF
P--Z--C--O RH
HO O l 'l 15 X/2 O ~
3 20 ll ~1 O C--O

,~ p Z---c--o--(cH2)n- ~I)m Ym ~ A
~." H0 O R~
i :~ x ' 30 + (H)xA
'~' , ' ' -.

:

' ~ Le A 29 528 ~, . ...

3 2 ~ 8 .. j _ _ o .. 11 , 5 O C--O

P Z--C--O----( CH2 ~ n~~ ( N ) m~Ym~~RF AX+ .1 .l, / 11 1 1 :' HO O R~
-- J
'i .
+ X HO- (CH2~ o~R
`i 15 ,1 .~ O .
iY 11 . .
1 ~ O C O--(CH2)0 R
2 0 R~
;I P--Z--C--O----(CH2)n--(N)m--Ym--RF
,1 HO O RE~ :
:~ 2 5 ~ + (EO)~A
.~ :
i where 30 R1~ R~ RF~ R~, Y, Z, m, n and o have the ~ame meaning ~s above, 1 ::
A is a hydrogen cation, an ammonium cation or a monovalent or polyvalent metal cation, and i: .
~'~: 35 x is an integer which corresponds to the charge of the cation j; A.

The present invention also relates to the use of the .-fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarhoxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methac~ylate groups according to the invention as : waterproo~ing agents and~or oil-repellency agents.

Le A 29 528 ;~}

21~323~
.~ -- 10 --ue to the waterproofing and oil-repellency properties of the - compounds according to the invention, they may be used as impregnating agents in various areas of application, whereby the compounds according to the invention may be applied as such or in the form of polymer dispersions, for example.
~' , For example, the compounds according to the invention may beused on natural and synthetic fibres (e.g. for textiles, carpets or awnings) to repel water, grease, oil and/or dirt.
;, 10 The compounds according to the invention may also be used on paper and cardboard (e.g. for packaging or fleeces)to repel water, grease, oil and/or dirt.

Moreover, the compounds according to the invention may be used ; on leatner (e.g. for upholstery, shoes or clothing) to repel water, grease, oil and/or dirt.

The compounds according to the invention may also be used on ceramics (e.g. tiles), on natural or artificial stone (e.g.
, sandstone), on wood ~e.~. the wooden cladding of facades) and `~ on plastics (e.gO polyesters) for impregnation against water, ~ grease, oil, dirt, algae gxowth and/or weathering.

ii 25 The invention will be described in more detail by means of the il~ following examples.

I
PIES '' ,.
1 x~mplel ¦ N-(2-hydroxyethyl~N-methyl-perfluorooctyl sulphonamide (0~4 mole/223 g) was dissolved in 150 ml 4-methyl-pentane-2-one in a three-necked flask fitted with a stirrer and a water trap, and 0.5 ml concentrated sulphuric acid was added.
Le A 29 528 2~3238 This solution was heated to about 116C. 2-phosphonobutane-i 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (0.2 mole/54 g) dissolved in 54 g water was then slowly added. A~ter the addition was complete, ~ the reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring until the ;~ 5 entire amount of water (~1.2 ml~ had been distilled off.
~1 .~ Hydroxyethyl acrylate (0.2 mole/23.2 g) was then slowly added, followed by stirring under reflux until the entire amount of , water (3O6 ml) had been disti.Lled o~f from the reaction `~i 10 mixture~
,, After the reaction was complete,-the solvent was distilled off il at 70C and 70 mbar, and the product obtained was completely ; driedO The yield of2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid which was triple-esterified with two equivalents of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)~N-methyl-perfluorooctyl sulphonamide and one equivalent o~ hydro~yethyl acrylate was 277 g (95.8 %
theoretical).
' : 20 Example 2 :
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-perfluorobutyl sulphonamide (0.~
mole/71 g~ was dissolved in 150 ml 4-methyl pentane-2-on~ in a three-necked flask fitted with a stirrer and a water trap, and concentrated sulphuric acid ~0OS ml) was added. This solution was heated to about 116C. 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (0.2 mole/54 g) dissolved in 54 g water was then slowly added. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was refluxed with ~tirring until the entire amount of water (57.6 ml~ had been distilled off.
~' Octadecanol (0.2 mole/54 g~ dissolved in 50 ml 4-methyl-pentanQ-2-one was thein slowly added, followed by stirrin~
under Le A ~9 528 :i ~ :~

- 12 ~ 32 )~
reflux until the entire amount of water (3.6 ml) had been distilled off from the reaction mixture.

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (0.2 mole/26 g) was then slowly added, followed by stirring under reflux until the entire amount of water (3.6 ml) had been distilled off from the reaction mixture.

After the reaction was complete, the solvent was distilled off ~;` 10 at 70C and 70 mbar, and the procluct obtained was completely dried. The yield of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid which was triple-estQrified with one equivalent each of N-(2-~' hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-perfluorobutyl sulphonamide, octadecanol and hydroxyethyl methacrylate was 180 g (92.5 %
~ 15 theoretical).

i .1 .

Le A 29 528

Claims (8)

1. Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, of formula (I) (I), wherein:
R1 is a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a phenyl radical, RF is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated branched or linear monomeric ether or polyether with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, RH is a linear or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R is an acrylate group of structure or a methacrylate group of structure Y represents a , , or group, Z represents a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical (trivalent hydrocarbon radical) with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, interrupted by amino groups which may themselves contain C1 to C10 alkyl groups or aryl groups as substituents, or a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms with one or more substituent groups of structure COR2, or a linear or branched alkanetriyl radical with 1 to 20 carbon atoms with one or more substituent groups of structure -PO2HR1, where R1 has the same meaning as above, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer from 0 to 6, o is an integer from 0 to 6, and R2 represents a hydroxyl radical or a radical of structure or a radical of structure O-(CH2)o-R, or a linear or branched alkoxy radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where n, m, o, RH, RF and Y have the same meaning as above, and their salts.
2. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein RF is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
3. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein RH represents an alkyl radical with one or two carbon atoms.
4. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein n is one or two.
5. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein o is one or two.
6. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein m is equal to one.
7. A method of preparing the fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups according to claim 1 in a multi-stage synthesis, comprising esterifying in a first step a phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acid of formula (II) (II) or its salt, wherein A is a hydrogen cation, an ammonium cation or a monovalent or a polyvalent metal cation, X is an integer which corresponds to the charge of the cation A, and R1 and Z are as defined in claim 1 with an alcohol containing fluoro groups of formula (III) (III), wherein n, m, RH, Y and RF have the meanings defined in claim 1, and is reacted in a further step with a hydroxyfunctional acrylic or methacrylic acid derivative of formula (IV) HO(CH2)o-R (IV) wherein R and o have the meanings defined in claim 1.
8. A waterproofing or oil-repelling agent comprising the carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- or phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups as claimed in claim 1.
CA002113238A 1993-01-14 1994-01-11 Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono-and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, a method for their preparation, and their use Abandoned CA2113238A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4300799.6 1993-01-14
DE4300799A DE4300799C2 (en) 1993-01-14 1993-01-14 Fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and / or methacrylate groups, a process for their preparation and their use

Publications (1)

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Country Status (9)

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US (1) US5414102A (en)
EP (1) EP0606833B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3310438B2 (en)
KR (1) KR940018391A (en)
CN (1) CN1042635C (en)
CA (1) CA2113238A1 (en)
DE (2) DE4300799C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2110123T3 (en)
TW (1) TW280830B (en)

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DE3605800A1 (en) * 1986-02-22 1987-08-27 Bayer Ag 2-PHOSPHONOBUTAN-1,2,4-TRICARBONIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS EMULSIFIERS

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JPH06279468A (en) 1994-10-04
US5414102A (en) 1995-05-09
CN1042635C (en) 1999-03-24
CN1097762A (en) 1995-01-25
EP0606833A1 (en) 1994-07-20
DE59404795D1 (en) 1998-01-29
TW280830B (en) 1996-07-11
JP3310438B2 (en) 2002-08-05
ES2110123T3 (en) 1998-02-01
KR940018391A (en) 1994-08-16
DE4300799A1 (en) 1994-07-21
DE4300799C2 (en) 1996-09-19
EP0606833B1 (en) 1997-12-17

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