CA2225445C - Aerosol cleaning compositions - Google Patents
Aerosol cleaning compositions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2225445C CA2225445C CA002225445A CA2225445A CA2225445C CA 2225445 C CA2225445 C CA 2225445C CA 002225445 A CA002225445 A CA 002225445A CA 2225445 A CA2225445 A CA 2225445A CA 2225445 C CA2225445 C CA 2225445C
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- cleaning composition
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0031—Carpet, upholstery, fur or leather cleansers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
- C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
Abstract
A cleaning composition being an oil-in-water emulsion in aerosol form characterised in that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface. The cleaning composition comprises an oil-in-water emulsion containing (a) 2 to 60 % w/w in total amount of one or more hydrocarbon propellants such that the propellants substantially form a part of the oil phase when the composition is formulated; (b) 2 to 50 % w/w in total amount of one or more surfactants; (c) 0.1 to 30 % w/w in total amount of one or more water-immiscible organic compounds; (d) 0.5 to 40 % w/w in total amount of one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents; and (e) 10 to 70 % w/w of water.
Description
Aerosol Cleaning Compositions Techiiical Field This invention relates to cleaning coinpositions and in particular to coinpositions in aerosol forni that are useful in cleaiiing a wide range of surface tvpes including textiles such as clothing. fabrics and carpets and hard surfaces such as glass. metal, ceramics, porcelain. synthetic plastics and vitreous enaniel.
Background Art The prior art is replete with a variety of aerosol conipositions for use in cleaning niany surface types. Basicallv. these conipositions may be divided into two groups, namely those that are solvent-based and those that are water-based. Both of these groups suffer from shortcoinings which desirablv should be overcome or at least iinproved.
In the case of solvent-based coinpositions. the priiiie concerns are environniental and undesirable solvent odour.
In the case of water-based compositions. the prime concern is cleaning perforiiiance, particularly in relation to grease, wax and oil-based soils.
It would therefore be an advance in the art to be able to provide a water-based composition with enhanced cleaning performance. desirably with a grease. wax and oil-based soil cleaniiig perforniance akiii to the solvent-based compositioiis.
The present inventors liave surprisingly found that one wav of meeting this performance requirement for a water-based composition occurs when certain oil-in-water euntlsions are formed. These emulsions are characterised by a substantial proportion or all of the aerosol propellant forming a part of the oil-phase wlieu the coniposition is fully forinulated.
la Disclosure of Invention Accordingly, the present invention comprises: a cleaning composition in aerosol form comprising an oil-in-water emulsion containing: (a) 2 to 60% w/w in total amount of one or more hydrocarbon propellants wherein the propellants substantially form a part of the oil phase when the composition is formulated; (b) 2 to 50% w/w in total amount of one or more surfactants; (c) 0.1 to 30% w/w in total amount of one or more water-immiscible organic compounds; (d) 0.5 to 40% w/w in total amount of one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol; and (e) 10 to 70%
w/w of water, characterised in that a sufficient amount of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
The present invention further comprises the cleaning composition described above wherein the sustained bubbling action lasts for at least 10 seconds.
The invention further comprises a method of cleaning a surface comprising applying to that surface a cleaning composition as described herein in a manner such that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge so that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
The invention further comprises a method of forming a cleaning composition as described herein comprising the steps of (i) dissolving the water-phase ingredients, (ii) adding the oil-phase ingredients to the lb dissolved water-phase ingredients with stirring to form a concentrate, (iii) adding the concentrate to an aerosol package, and (iv) gassing the concentrate with the propellant.
Background Art The prior art is replete with a variety of aerosol conipositions for use in cleaning niany surface types. Basicallv. these conipositions may be divided into two groups, namely those that are solvent-based and those that are water-based. Both of these groups suffer from shortcoinings which desirablv should be overcome or at least iinproved.
In the case of solvent-based coinpositions. the priiiie concerns are environniental and undesirable solvent odour.
In the case of water-based compositions. the prime concern is cleaning perforiiiance, particularly in relation to grease, wax and oil-based soils.
It would therefore be an advance in the art to be able to provide a water-based composition with enhanced cleaning performance. desirably with a grease. wax and oil-based soil cleaniiig perforniance akiii to the solvent-based compositioiis.
The present inventors liave surprisingly found that one wav of meeting this performance requirement for a water-based composition occurs when certain oil-in-water euntlsions are formed. These emulsions are characterised by a substantial proportion or all of the aerosol propellant forming a part of the oil-phase wlieu the coniposition is fully forinulated.
la Disclosure of Invention Accordingly, the present invention comprises: a cleaning composition in aerosol form comprising an oil-in-water emulsion containing: (a) 2 to 60% w/w in total amount of one or more hydrocarbon propellants wherein the propellants substantially form a part of the oil phase when the composition is formulated; (b) 2 to 50% w/w in total amount of one or more surfactants; (c) 0.1 to 30% w/w in total amount of one or more water-immiscible organic compounds; (d) 0.5 to 40% w/w in total amount of one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol; and (e) 10 to 70%
w/w of water, characterised in that a sufficient amount of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
The present invention further comprises the cleaning composition described above wherein the sustained bubbling action lasts for at least 10 seconds.
The invention further comprises a method of cleaning a surface comprising applying to that surface a cleaning composition as described herein in a manner such that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge so that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
The invention further comprises a method of forming a cleaning composition as described herein comprising the steps of (i) dissolving the water-phase ingredients, (ii) adding the oil-phase ingredients to the lb dissolved water-phase ingredients with stirring to form a concentrate, (iii) adding the concentrate to an aerosol package, and (iv) gassing the concentrate with the propellant.
As used in this specification, all percentages are w/w with respect to the active inaterial. unless otlierwise indicated.
1ylodes for CarrvinQ Out the Iiivention It is believed that the cleaning performance of the conlpositions of this invention derives froui at least two factors. Firstlv the solvent action of the propellant retained in the oil phase when the composition on discharge contacts the soil. Secondly, the physical agitation caused by the propellant in the oil phase boiling off to the atiuosphere. This is the belief of the inventors, altliough it will be appreciated that in coiisidering the nature of this invention. this belief is non-binding and should iiot in any way be construed as a limitation of the scope of the iuvention.
The boiling off of the propellant froin the surface onto which a composition of the invention is.discharged is characterised by a bubbling action on the surface. This bubbling action could also be described as "sizzling". In general teruis the bubbles are fast breaking and do not persist to create a foam.
The bubbling action is sustained, being generally characterised by an initial vigorous action for up to about 15 seconds then a continuous, less vigorous phase for up to 1 ininute or more.
It is. however, preferred that no or niiiiiiizal amounts of foain are formed. In this way, it will be readily apparent to a consuiner using a composition of the invention that cleaning is occurring as the bubbling action will be visuallv apparent.
Desirablv. the compositions on discharge will be further characterised presenting as a wet spray in appearance. In this forin the composition "wets out" the stain.
The bubbliiig action contributes significantlv to the broad spectrum cleaning perforinance of the compositions of the invention bv providing a physical lifting action. In particular, in the compositions of the invention.
the retained propellant is released in the forni of bubbles which relativelv quicklv break releasing propellant to the atniosphere. The sustained nature of this bubbling action provides a prolonged cleaning action.
= It is importaiit to note that colnpositions in the prior art do not displav the sustained bubbling action on account of the propellant rapidly flashing off to the atinosphere.
The compositions of the present invention are water-based although it is evident that their cleaning perforinance is equivalent to or exceeds solvent-based compositions. This is indeed surprising in view of prior art water-based compositions.
Nature of the Eniulsion In the compositions of the invention a concentrate wliich includes (b), (c), (d) and (e) will be forined. Propellant is added to this concentrate to create coinpositions of the invention.
Prior to the addition of propellant. tlie concentrate desirably.is a stable oil-in-water einulsion, preferably a substantially clear microemulsion.
It is, however, witliin the scope of the invention to utilise a concentrate that is not a fully stable or clear oil-in-water emulsion. For enlulsions of this type, it is a requireinent that upon addition of propellant, an oil-in-water emulsion is forined such that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface so that the retaiiied propellant boils to create a bubbling action on the surface. Such an etnulsion inay be clear or characterised by a slight haziness through to a milky liquid to the presence of soine separate oil layer.
In the fullv forinulated compositions of the invention, ie when the propellant is added to the concentrate, it is preferred that substantially all of the propellant is taken up in the oil-phase to form an oil-in-water einulsion.
This emulsion is desirably a stable clear niicroennilsion. Emulsions with soliie separate oil phase, liowever, are acceptable providing that the separate oil phase portion re-ennilsifies on shaking aiid sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a bubbling action on the surface.
= (a) Propellant One or more hydrocarbon propellants are used in the compositions of the invention in a total amount fronl 2 to 60% w/w. Amongst the hydrocarbon propellants that may be used are acetylene, methane, ethane, ethvlene, propane, propene, n-butane, n-butene, iso-butane, iso-butene, pentane. pelltene, iso-pentane and iso-pentene. Mixtures of these propellants may also be used.
Indeed, it should be noted that connnercially available propellants =
typicallv contain a number of hydrocarbon gases. For exainple, unodourised coininercial butane (available froni Boral Gas) contaiiis predoniiiiantly n-butane and sonie iso-butaile along with snlall amounts of propane, propene, pentane and butene.
Preferred propellants include propane, n-butane, iso-butane, pentane and iso-pentane, whilst most preferred are propane. ii-butane and iso-butane.
Broadly, the concentration of propellant will be from 2 to 60~/, w/w.
generally the concentration will be froni 5 to 50% w/w; preferably froiii 10 to 30% w/w.
Particularly preferred are mixtures of propane. n-butaiie and.iso-butane.
The person skilled in the art will appreciate that the pressure in an aerosol package will be determined by the propellant or mixture of propellants. This pressure will have a determining effect on spray rate.
Hence for any particular valve systeln, varying the propellant or propellant 111iXture will allow for the selection of a desired spray rate.
Likewise, for a particular propellant or propellant mixture, it is possible to select a valve and actuator system to achieve a desired rate.
As previouslv mentioned, sufficient of the propellant must be retained in the eniulsion on discharge so to create the boiling action. It has been found that approxiinately 4 to 6~/, w/w of propellant may be retained in the etnulsion imniediately after discharge onto a surface. It must be appreciated, however, that the ainount of retained propellant is difficult to measure accurately. The amount recited is therefore for guidance only. The bubbling action is nevertheless an ilnportant characteristic of the composition of the invention. In use on oils such as dirty sunip oil stains.
it is visually evident that the bubbling action actually lifts the stain away froin a fabric surface.
(b) Surfactants =
One or more surfactants are included in a total amount of from 2 to 50% w/w, preferablv from 5 to 25~/o w/w. Either nonionic, amphoteric, =
anionic or cationic surfactants may be used, althougli nonionic atid/or ainphoteric surfactants are preferred. The surfactants function priinarily in the formatiou of the emulsion. Desirably. the surfactants also contribute to cleaning.
Vl'hen more than one surfactant is used. an iudividual surfactant coiiiponent inay be in a coiicentration as low as 0.1 to 0.5"u w/w. For 5 exai7iple, sodium laurovl sarcosiiiate niav be used iii a coiicentration of 0.21YO
w/w as a corrosion inhibitor. In a furtlier exaniple. Surfadone LP300 in a coiicentration of 0.5~/> w/w iiiav be used to iiiiprove wetting and stain reinoval. Tliev will, however, participate in the oil-in-water enntlsion.
Exainples of surfactants that niav be used are as follows:
Nonionic surfactants - sorbitan fattv acid ester ethoxylates, glycerol fatty acid ester etlioxvlates. sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, coconut nionoethaiiolaniide ethoxvlates, tall oil ethoxylates, polvpropylene glycol ethoxylates, fattv acid alkanolainides such as coconut mono- and diethanolamide. fattv alcohol etlioxylates and propoxvlates, ainine oxides, n-alkyl pyrrolidones, alkyl polysaccharides such as sucrose esters and alkvl polyglvcosides, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid etlioxylates, fatty amine ethoxvlates, polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
Anionic surfactants - sodium laurvl ether sulfate, triethanolanline lauryl sulphate. magnesium lauryl sulfate, sulfosuccinate esters, anunonium lauryl sulfate. alkvl sulfonates. sodium lauryl sulfate, soditun alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates. sulfated alcohol etlioxylates. sulfated alkyl phenol ethoxvlates. sodiuni xylene sulfonate, alkvlbenzene sulphonates such as triethanolamine dodecvlbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium dodecvlbenzene sulfonate, xylene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. N-alkoyl sarcosinates such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dialkylsulfosuccinates.. N-alkoyl sarcosines such as lauroyl sarcosine, alkvl ether carboxvlates, soaps including sodiuni, potassium, magiiesium, calcium, alkanolamine and ainiiie soaps.
Amphoteric surfactants - betaines, n-alkvl pvrrolidones (because it has a resonance structure. it niav behave as a zwitterionic substance), iinidazolines.
Cationic surfactants - quaternarv ammoniunl coinpounds including alkyl diniethvl benzvl aiiuiioniuin chloride. dialkyl diinethvl aminonium chloride, alkyl trimethvl amznoniuni chloride or bromide, salts of organic or inorganic acids with fattv amines and fattv ainine ethoxylates.
*Trade-mark Nlixtures of surfactants types niav be used such as nonioiiic eeld aiiionic surfactants. A proprietarv mixture of this tvPe is Nionamulse DL
1273 available froni Iviona Industries, liic.
(c) Water-Ininuscible Organic Compound Tlie priniai.v function of this coiiiponeiit is to suppress the generation of foam on discharge of the aerosol. Sucli a property, as previously explained. is iinportant to the perforinance of the conipositions of the inveiition. since what is required is a bubbliiig action on the surface, ratlier than a foam.
Preferred water iiiuniscible organic compounds, however, will usualiv have a secoiidarv cleaning fuuctionalitv tlirough their solvencv properties.
One or inore water iinuiiscible orgaiiic compouuds are iiicluded in the couiposition in a total amount from 0.1 to.30% w/w, preferably 0.5% to 30% w/w, most preferably 2% w/w to 20% w/w.
In the lower end of the concentration range, silicone antifoams may be used such as Dow Corning Antifoam A.
Examples of water immiscible organic compounds include - liquid n-paraffins. liquid iso-paraffins, Gvcloalkanes, naphthene-containing solvents, white spirit, kerosene, aromatic solvents. miiieral tuI-pentlne, ester solvents, silicone solvents or oils, terpenes, fattv acids, paraffin waxes, linear alkvl benzene, dialkyl phtlialates, C, - C,., alcohols and fattv alcohols; Specific examples of these are as follovti=s:
liquid n-paraffins - Norpar*12. Norpar 13 and Norpar 15 (available froin Exxon) liquid iso-paraffins - Isopar*G, Isopar H, Isopar L, Isopar M and Isopar V (available from Exxon) naphthene-containing solvents - Exxsol D40. Exxsol D60, Exxsol D80.
Nappar 10 (available from Exxon) ester solvents - such as alkvl acetates. examples being Exxate 1000, Exxate 1300 (available from Exxon), and Coasol*(available from Chenioxy International).
silicone solvents or oils - Dow Corning 244. 245. 344 and 345 fluids.
terpenes - eucalyptus oil, cineole. orange oil. liinonene.
fattv amines - sova amines, tallow aniines, cocoamines.
*Trade-mark fattv acids - caprylic acid, caproic acid. capric acid. lauric acid, niyristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid.
fattv alcohols - octanol, dodecanol, lauryl alcohol, inyristyl alcohol, cetyl alcoliol, stearvl alcoliol, cetostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.
arolnatic solvents - toluene, benzene, xylene.
Preferred water inuniscible organic conipouiids are liquids at room temperature. Particularly preferred are hvdrocarbon solvents, especially those that are good grease solvents. Most preferred are hvdrocarbon solvents having a low solvent odour such as n-paraffins and iso-paraffins.
(d) Water-Nliscible Organic CouplingAgent One or more water iniscible orgaiiic coupling agents are included in a total ainount of fronl 0.5 to 40 o w/w, preferably 5 to 30% w/w.
The coupling agent priinarilv functions to couple the propellant to the water and the water iinmiscible organic conipound to the water. This assists in the fornlation of the elnulsion and the retention of tlle propellant after discharge of coinpositions of the invention. The coupling agent also functions to couple the surfactant to the water, so as to prevent insolubility and/or gelling when it occurs.
A secondary function is to provide some solvency for cleaning.
Aniongst the compounds that inay be used are:-low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol, ethaiiol, ii-propanol. iso-propanol, n-butaiiol and iso-butanol;
glvcol ethers such as ethylene glycol inonobutyl ether, dipropyletle glycol lnonoinethyl ether, propylene glycol inonoinethyl ether and diethylene glycol niouobutvl etlier;
glycols such as propylene glycol. hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol;
polyglycols such as PEG200 and PEG6000;
polypropylene glycols;
polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol and lnannitol;
low molecular weight ketones such as acetone; aiid N-inethyl pyrrolidone.
Preferred are the low molecular weight alcohols, particularly ethanol or iso-propanol, most preferred is ethanol.
1ylodes for CarrvinQ Out the Iiivention It is believed that the cleaning performance of the conlpositions of this invention derives froui at least two factors. Firstlv the solvent action of the propellant retained in the oil phase when the composition on discharge contacts the soil. Secondly, the physical agitation caused by the propellant in the oil phase boiling off to the atiuosphere. This is the belief of the inventors, altliough it will be appreciated that in coiisidering the nature of this invention. this belief is non-binding and should iiot in any way be construed as a limitation of the scope of the iuvention.
The boiling off of the propellant froin the surface onto which a composition of the invention is.discharged is characterised by a bubbling action on the surface. This bubbling action could also be described as "sizzling". In general teruis the bubbles are fast breaking and do not persist to create a foam.
The bubbling action is sustained, being generally characterised by an initial vigorous action for up to about 15 seconds then a continuous, less vigorous phase for up to 1 ininute or more.
It is. however, preferred that no or niiiiiiizal amounts of foain are formed. In this way, it will be readily apparent to a consuiner using a composition of the invention that cleaning is occurring as the bubbling action will be visuallv apparent.
Desirablv. the compositions on discharge will be further characterised presenting as a wet spray in appearance. In this forin the composition "wets out" the stain.
The bubbliiig action contributes significantlv to the broad spectrum cleaning perforinance of the compositions of the invention bv providing a physical lifting action. In particular, in the compositions of the invention.
the retained propellant is released in the forni of bubbles which relativelv quicklv break releasing propellant to the atniosphere. The sustained nature of this bubbling action provides a prolonged cleaning action.
= It is importaiit to note that colnpositions in the prior art do not displav the sustained bubbling action on account of the propellant rapidly flashing off to the atinosphere.
The compositions of the present invention are water-based although it is evident that their cleaning perforinance is equivalent to or exceeds solvent-based compositions. This is indeed surprising in view of prior art water-based compositions.
Nature of the Eniulsion In the compositions of the invention a concentrate wliich includes (b), (c), (d) and (e) will be forined. Propellant is added to this concentrate to create coinpositions of the invention.
Prior to the addition of propellant. tlie concentrate desirably.is a stable oil-in-water einulsion, preferably a substantially clear microemulsion.
It is, however, witliin the scope of the invention to utilise a concentrate that is not a fully stable or clear oil-in-water emulsion. For enlulsions of this type, it is a requireinent that upon addition of propellant, an oil-in-water emulsion is forined such that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface so that the retaiiied propellant boils to create a bubbling action on the surface. Such an etnulsion inay be clear or characterised by a slight haziness through to a milky liquid to the presence of soine separate oil layer.
In the fullv forinulated compositions of the invention, ie when the propellant is added to the concentrate, it is preferred that substantially all of the propellant is taken up in the oil-phase to form an oil-in-water einulsion.
This emulsion is desirably a stable clear niicroennilsion. Emulsions with soliie separate oil phase, liowever, are acceptable providing that the separate oil phase portion re-ennilsifies on shaking aiid sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a bubbling action on the surface.
= (a) Propellant One or more hydrocarbon propellants are used in the compositions of the invention in a total amount fronl 2 to 60% w/w. Amongst the hydrocarbon propellants that may be used are acetylene, methane, ethane, ethvlene, propane, propene, n-butane, n-butene, iso-butane, iso-butene, pentane. pelltene, iso-pentane and iso-pentene. Mixtures of these propellants may also be used.
Indeed, it should be noted that connnercially available propellants =
typicallv contain a number of hydrocarbon gases. For exainple, unodourised coininercial butane (available froni Boral Gas) contaiiis predoniiiiantly n-butane and sonie iso-butaile along with snlall amounts of propane, propene, pentane and butene.
Preferred propellants include propane, n-butane, iso-butane, pentane and iso-pentane, whilst most preferred are propane. ii-butane and iso-butane.
Broadly, the concentration of propellant will be from 2 to 60~/, w/w.
generally the concentration will be froni 5 to 50% w/w; preferably froiii 10 to 30% w/w.
Particularly preferred are mixtures of propane. n-butaiie and.iso-butane.
The person skilled in the art will appreciate that the pressure in an aerosol package will be determined by the propellant or mixture of propellants. This pressure will have a determining effect on spray rate.
Hence for any particular valve systeln, varying the propellant or propellant 111iXture will allow for the selection of a desired spray rate.
Likewise, for a particular propellant or propellant mixture, it is possible to select a valve and actuator system to achieve a desired rate.
As previouslv mentioned, sufficient of the propellant must be retained in the eniulsion on discharge so to create the boiling action. It has been found that approxiinately 4 to 6~/, w/w of propellant may be retained in the etnulsion imniediately after discharge onto a surface. It must be appreciated, however, that the ainount of retained propellant is difficult to measure accurately. The amount recited is therefore for guidance only. The bubbling action is nevertheless an ilnportant characteristic of the composition of the invention. In use on oils such as dirty sunip oil stains.
it is visually evident that the bubbling action actually lifts the stain away froin a fabric surface.
(b) Surfactants =
One or more surfactants are included in a total amount of from 2 to 50% w/w, preferablv from 5 to 25~/o w/w. Either nonionic, amphoteric, =
anionic or cationic surfactants may be used, althougli nonionic atid/or ainphoteric surfactants are preferred. The surfactants function priinarily in the formatiou of the emulsion. Desirably. the surfactants also contribute to cleaning.
Vl'hen more than one surfactant is used. an iudividual surfactant coiiiponent inay be in a coiicentration as low as 0.1 to 0.5"u w/w. For 5 exai7iple, sodium laurovl sarcosiiiate niav be used iii a coiicentration of 0.21YO
w/w as a corrosion inhibitor. In a furtlier exaniple. Surfadone LP300 in a coiicentration of 0.5~/> w/w iiiav be used to iiiiprove wetting and stain reinoval. Tliev will, however, participate in the oil-in-water enntlsion.
Exainples of surfactants that niav be used are as follows:
Nonionic surfactants - sorbitan fattv acid ester ethoxylates, glycerol fatty acid ester etlioxvlates. sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, coconut nionoethaiiolaniide ethoxvlates, tall oil ethoxylates, polvpropylene glycol ethoxylates, fattv acid alkanolainides such as coconut mono- and diethanolamide. fattv alcohol etlioxylates and propoxvlates, ainine oxides, n-alkyl pyrrolidones, alkyl polysaccharides such as sucrose esters and alkvl polyglvcosides, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid etlioxylates, fatty amine ethoxvlates, polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
Anionic surfactants - sodium laurvl ether sulfate, triethanolanline lauryl sulphate. magnesium lauryl sulfate, sulfosuccinate esters, anunonium lauryl sulfate. alkvl sulfonates. sodium lauryl sulfate, soditun alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates. sulfated alcohol etlioxylates. sulfated alkyl phenol ethoxvlates. sodiuni xylene sulfonate, alkvlbenzene sulphonates such as triethanolamine dodecvlbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium dodecvlbenzene sulfonate, xylene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. N-alkoyl sarcosinates such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dialkylsulfosuccinates.. N-alkoyl sarcosines such as lauroyl sarcosine, alkvl ether carboxvlates, soaps including sodiuni, potassium, magiiesium, calcium, alkanolamine and ainiiie soaps.
Amphoteric surfactants - betaines, n-alkvl pvrrolidones (because it has a resonance structure. it niav behave as a zwitterionic substance), iinidazolines.
Cationic surfactants - quaternarv ammoniunl coinpounds including alkyl diniethvl benzvl aiiuiioniuin chloride. dialkyl diinethvl aminonium chloride, alkyl trimethvl amznoniuni chloride or bromide, salts of organic or inorganic acids with fattv amines and fattv ainine ethoxylates.
*Trade-mark Nlixtures of surfactants types niav be used such as nonioiiic eeld aiiionic surfactants. A proprietarv mixture of this tvPe is Nionamulse DL
1273 available froni Iviona Industries, liic.
(c) Water-Ininuscible Organic Compound Tlie priniai.v function of this coiiiponeiit is to suppress the generation of foam on discharge of the aerosol. Sucli a property, as previously explained. is iinportant to the perforinance of the conipositions of the inveiition. since what is required is a bubbliiig action on the surface, ratlier than a foam.
Preferred water iiiuniscible organic compounds, however, will usualiv have a secoiidarv cleaning fuuctionalitv tlirough their solvencv properties.
One or inore water iinuiiscible orgaiiic compouuds are iiicluded in the couiposition in a total amount from 0.1 to.30% w/w, preferably 0.5% to 30% w/w, most preferably 2% w/w to 20% w/w.
In the lower end of the concentration range, silicone antifoams may be used such as Dow Corning Antifoam A.
Examples of water immiscible organic compounds include - liquid n-paraffins. liquid iso-paraffins, Gvcloalkanes, naphthene-containing solvents, white spirit, kerosene, aromatic solvents. miiieral tuI-pentlne, ester solvents, silicone solvents or oils, terpenes, fattv acids, paraffin waxes, linear alkvl benzene, dialkyl phtlialates, C, - C,., alcohols and fattv alcohols; Specific examples of these are as follovti=s:
liquid n-paraffins - Norpar*12. Norpar 13 and Norpar 15 (available froin Exxon) liquid iso-paraffins - Isopar*G, Isopar H, Isopar L, Isopar M and Isopar V (available from Exxon) naphthene-containing solvents - Exxsol D40. Exxsol D60, Exxsol D80.
Nappar 10 (available from Exxon) ester solvents - such as alkvl acetates. examples being Exxate 1000, Exxate 1300 (available from Exxon), and Coasol*(available from Chenioxy International).
silicone solvents or oils - Dow Corning 244. 245. 344 and 345 fluids.
terpenes - eucalyptus oil, cineole. orange oil. liinonene.
fattv amines - sova amines, tallow aniines, cocoamines.
*Trade-mark fattv acids - caprylic acid, caproic acid. capric acid. lauric acid, niyristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid.
fattv alcohols - octanol, dodecanol, lauryl alcohol, inyristyl alcohol, cetyl alcoliol, stearvl alcoliol, cetostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.
arolnatic solvents - toluene, benzene, xylene.
Preferred water inuniscible organic conipouiids are liquids at room temperature. Particularly preferred are hvdrocarbon solvents, especially those that are good grease solvents. Most preferred are hvdrocarbon solvents having a low solvent odour such as n-paraffins and iso-paraffins.
(d) Water-Nliscible Organic CouplingAgent One or more water iniscible orgaiiic coupling agents are included in a total ainount of fronl 0.5 to 40 o w/w, preferably 5 to 30% w/w.
The coupling agent priinarilv functions to couple the propellant to the water and the water iinmiscible organic conipound to the water. This assists in the fornlation of the elnulsion and the retention of tlle propellant after discharge of coinpositions of the invention. The coupling agent also functions to couple the surfactant to the water, so as to prevent insolubility and/or gelling when it occurs.
A secondary function is to provide some solvency for cleaning.
Aniongst the compounds that inay be used are:-low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol, ethaiiol, ii-propanol. iso-propanol, n-butaiiol and iso-butanol;
glvcol ethers such as ethylene glycol inonobutyl ether, dipropyletle glycol lnonoinethyl ether, propylene glycol inonoinethyl ether and diethylene glycol niouobutvl etlier;
glycols such as propylene glycol. hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol;
polyglycols such as PEG200 and PEG6000;
polypropylene glycols;
polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol and lnannitol;
low molecular weight ketones such as acetone; aiid N-inethyl pyrrolidone.
Preferred are the low molecular weight alcohols, particularly ethanol or iso-propanol, most preferred is ethanol.
(e) Water The water is included in the compositions of the iiiveiition in an ainouiit of froin 10 to 709/b w/w. preferably 25 to 55% w/w.
Desirablv the water is purified before use and niav be deionised or distilled.
In addition to the esseiitial coniponents (a) to (e), a range of optional coniponents mav be included. The inclusion of the coinponents inav be specific to a particular coiiiposition type or inav be to meet a particular coiiipositional need or consunier requirenient, (f) Optional Components (i) Surfactant additives - These mav be included to enliance cleaning and washout pei-forinance. Exainples include good wetting agents, dispersing agents and the like. Specific examples include Surfadone LP 300 (n-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone available from ISP) and Surfadone LP 100 (n-octyl-2-pvrrolidone); as good wetting agents, sodium lauryl ether sulphate as a dispersing agent for inorganic soil.
(ii) Alkaline builder salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodiuni tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapoiassiuni pyrophospate, zeolites, sodium hexametaphosphate.
(iii) Sequestering. complexing agents or water softening agents such as EDTA and its salts, sodium citrate, sodiunl gluconate. sodiuni glucoheptonate, phosphonates, DTPA and its salts, NTA aud its salts.
(iv) pH control, buffering or adjusting agents such as sodium bicarbonate, aminoniuin bicarbonate.
(v) Perfunies.
(vi) Dyes.
(vii) Preservatives.
(viii) Soil suspending or anti-redepositing agents.
(ix) Soil release or anti-resoiling ageilts such as Zonvl*7950, Zelan*
338 (available froin Dupont), Repel-o-Teti QCJ and QCX (available fronl Rhone-Poulenc) (x) Corrosion inhibitors such as sodiuin laurovl sarcosinate, AMP
regular, sodium nitrite, QAI 50~/~ - 2 hydroxy propamine nitrite (available from Enviro Systeins USA).
* Trade-mark (xi) Co-surfactants (water ininiiscible coupling agents) - including C,-C j(; alcohols.
(xii) Organic and/or inorganic acids - particularly in use for coinpositions of the invention wliich are toilet cleaners. Such coinpositions will usually require the use of svnthetic plastic aerosol containers.
(xiii) Thickening agents - particularly to retard release of propellairt frorn the bubbling surface. May also be used for particular colnpositional requireinents such as toilet cleaners to retain coinposition on angular surfaces.
(xiv) Abrasives- - particularly for hard surface cleaning coinpositions.
An abrasive may be deposited froln the colnposition and inechanically agitated to provide additional cleaning. Coiupounds such as fuined silica niay be used.
(xv) Alkaline coinpounds - particularly for hard surfaces aild including anlmonia, amines, such as iiiono-, di-, and triethanolaniine, morpholine and AMP regular.
(xvi) A11tiInicrobials - including disinfectant. antibacterial and gerinicidal compounds.
(xvii) Enzymes - including protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase (xviii)Hydrotropes - such as urea (xix) Solvents for specific soils - such as ethanol, iso-propanol, glycol ethers, N-inethylpyrrolidone, white spirit, kerosene, n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, naphthene-containing solvents, ester solvents, terpenes, cycloalkanes, hydrofluorocarbon solvents.
(xx) Chlorine, oxygen or reducing bleaching substances - such as hypochlorite, peroxygen compouuds, sodiuin ditliionite (sodium hydrosulfite) and sodium metabisulfite for use in bleachable stain reinoval. Such compositions will usuallv require the use of synthetic plastic aerosol containers.
(xxi) Suppletnentary propellants such as dimetliyl ether and hydrofluorocarbons.
The pH of the compositions is not critical and as inentioned previously, a toilet cleaning coinposition may have a very low pH, typically 1 or less. Similarly, some hard surface cleaning compositions inay have a very high pH such as 13 or above.
For other cleaniiig purposes. the pH inav be in the railge of from 7 up to 11.5.
The cotnpositions of the invention iiiav be prepared in the form of a variety of cleaning coinpositions includitig textile cleaners, sucli as carpet 5 cleanei=s and prewash cleaiiers: hard surface cleaners for uses such as toilets, tiles, glass. staisiless steel. oveiis, kitchen, bathrooiii surfaces; paint strippers and niildew renzovers.
Manufacture To produce coznpositions of the invention a concentrate is formed by 10 dissolving the water phase ingredients and theii adding the oil phase ingredieiits witli stirring. In soine circuinstances lieating niay be required.
This concentrate is then filled into aerosol packages and gassed with propellant in a conventional inanner.
EXANIPLES
In order to better understand the nature of the inventioai, the following exauiples, which illustrate prewash cleaning coiilpositions, were prepared.
Note that essential components are according to the definition on page 2.
EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient % w/w (b) Crillet*45 3.30 (b) Ivionanlulse DL 1273 3.30 (b) Surfadone LP 300 5.50 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100 AG/F3 15.40 (c) Norpar 15 5.50 (e) Deionised water 44.10 (a) Butane 16.95 (a) Propane 5.95 100.00 *Trade-mark EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 11.90 (b) Teric G12A6 1.15 Surfadone LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100AG/F3 15.00 Liglit Soda Ash 0.10 Sodiuni Bicarbonate (standard grade) 0.05 SOdlunl citrate 0.10 Perfuine 0.20 Sodiiun Lauroyl Sarcosinate (30% active) 0.70 AhIP Regular 0.20 (e) Deionised water 40.35 (a) Butane 15.10 (a) Propane 5.30 100.00 The pH of this exaniple was about 11 aiid pressure about 65-68 psi at 25"C.
*Trade-mark EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 10.90 (b) Teric G12A6 2.05 Surfadoiie LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Etlianol 100 AG/F3 15.00 Light Soda Ash 0.10 Sodium Bicarbonate (standard grade) 0.05 Sodiuni Citrate 0.10 Perfuine 0.20 Sodiuni Nitrite 0.20 (e) Deionised Water 41.15 (a) Butane 15.10 (a) Propane 5.30 100.00 The pH of this example was about 11 and pressure about 65-68 psi at 25 C.
Desirablv the water is purified before use and niav be deionised or distilled.
In addition to the esseiitial coniponents (a) to (e), a range of optional coniponents mav be included. The inclusion of the coinponents inav be specific to a particular coiiiposition type or inav be to meet a particular coiiipositional need or consunier requirenient, (f) Optional Components (i) Surfactant additives - These mav be included to enliance cleaning and washout pei-forinance. Exainples include good wetting agents, dispersing agents and the like. Specific examples include Surfadone LP 300 (n-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone available from ISP) and Surfadone LP 100 (n-octyl-2-pvrrolidone); as good wetting agents, sodium lauryl ether sulphate as a dispersing agent for inorganic soil.
(ii) Alkaline builder salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodiuni tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapoiassiuni pyrophospate, zeolites, sodium hexametaphosphate.
(iii) Sequestering. complexing agents or water softening agents such as EDTA and its salts, sodium citrate, sodiunl gluconate. sodiuni glucoheptonate, phosphonates, DTPA and its salts, NTA aud its salts.
(iv) pH control, buffering or adjusting agents such as sodium bicarbonate, aminoniuin bicarbonate.
(v) Perfunies.
(vi) Dyes.
(vii) Preservatives.
(viii) Soil suspending or anti-redepositing agents.
(ix) Soil release or anti-resoiling ageilts such as Zonvl*7950, Zelan*
338 (available froin Dupont), Repel-o-Teti QCJ and QCX (available fronl Rhone-Poulenc) (x) Corrosion inhibitors such as sodiuin laurovl sarcosinate, AMP
regular, sodium nitrite, QAI 50~/~ - 2 hydroxy propamine nitrite (available from Enviro Systeins USA).
* Trade-mark (xi) Co-surfactants (water ininiiscible coupling agents) - including C,-C j(; alcohols.
(xii) Organic and/or inorganic acids - particularly in use for coinpositions of the invention wliich are toilet cleaners. Such coinpositions will usually require the use of svnthetic plastic aerosol containers.
(xiii) Thickening agents - particularly to retard release of propellairt frorn the bubbling surface. May also be used for particular colnpositional requireinents such as toilet cleaners to retain coinposition on angular surfaces.
(xiv) Abrasives- - particularly for hard surface cleaning coinpositions.
An abrasive may be deposited froln the colnposition and inechanically agitated to provide additional cleaning. Coiupounds such as fuined silica niay be used.
(xv) Alkaline coinpounds - particularly for hard surfaces aild including anlmonia, amines, such as iiiono-, di-, and triethanolaniine, morpholine and AMP regular.
(xvi) A11tiInicrobials - including disinfectant. antibacterial and gerinicidal compounds.
(xvii) Enzymes - including protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase (xviii)Hydrotropes - such as urea (xix) Solvents for specific soils - such as ethanol, iso-propanol, glycol ethers, N-inethylpyrrolidone, white spirit, kerosene, n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, naphthene-containing solvents, ester solvents, terpenes, cycloalkanes, hydrofluorocarbon solvents.
(xx) Chlorine, oxygen or reducing bleaching substances - such as hypochlorite, peroxygen compouuds, sodiuin ditliionite (sodium hydrosulfite) and sodium metabisulfite for use in bleachable stain reinoval. Such compositions will usuallv require the use of synthetic plastic aerosol containers.
(xxi) Suppletnentary propellants such as dimetliyl ether and hydrofluorocarbons.
The pH of the compositions is not critical and as inentioned previously, a toilet cleaning coinposition may have a very low pH, typically 1 or less. Similarly, some hard surface cleaning compositions inay have a very high pH such as 13 or above.
For other cleaniiig purposes. the pH inav be in the railge of from 7 up to 11.5.
The cotnpositions of the invention iiiav be prepared in the form of a variety of cleaning coinpositions includitig textile cleaners, sucli as carpet 5 cleanei=s and prewash cleaiiers: hard surface cleaners for uses such as toilets, tiles, glass. staisiless steel. oveiis, kitchen, bathrooiii surfaces; paint strippers and niildew renzovers.
Manufacture To produce coznpositions of the invention a concentrate is formed by 10 dissolving the water phase ingredients and theii adding the oil phase ingredieiits witli stirring. In soine circuinstances lieating niay be required.
This concentrate is then filled into aerosol packages and gassed with propellant in a conventional inanner.
EXANIPLES
In order to better understand the nature of the inventioai, the following exauiples, which illustrate prewash cleaning coiilpositions, were prepared.
Note that essential components are according to the definition on page 2.
EXAMPLE 1 Ingredient % w/w (b) Crillet*45 3.30 (b) Ivionanlulse DL 1273 3.30 (b) Surfadone LP 300 5.50 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100 AG/F3 15.40 (c) Norpar 15 5.50 (e) Deionised water 44.10 (a) Butane 16.95 (a) Propane 5.95 100.00 *Trade-mark EXAMPLE 2 Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 11.90 (b) Teric G12A6 1.15 Surfadone LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100AG/F3 15.00 Liglit Soda Ash 0.10 Sodiuni Bicarbonate (standard grade) 0.05 SOdlunl citrate 0.10 Perfuine 0.20 Sodiiun Lauroyl Sarcosinate (30% active) 0.70 AhIP Regular 0.20 (e) Deionised water 40.35 (a) Butane 15.10 (a) Propane 5.30 100.00 The pH of this exaniple was about 11 aiid pressure about 65-68 psi at 25"C.
*Trade-mark EXAMPLE 3 Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 10.90 (b) Teric G12A6 2.05 Surfadoiie LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Etlianol 100 AG/F3 15.00 Light Soda Ash 0.10 Sodium Bicarbonate (standard grade) 0.05 Sodiuni Citrate 0.10 Perfuine 0.20 Sodiuni Nitrite 0.20 (e) Deionised Water 41.15 (a) Butane 15.10 (a) Propane 5.30 100.00 The pH of this example was about 11 and pressure about 65-68 psi at 25 C.
EXAMPLE 4 Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 10.73 (b) Teric G12A6 2.25 Surfadone LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100 AG/F3 15.00 Liglit Soda Ash 0.10 Sodiuin Bicarbonate (standard grade) 0.05 Sodiurn Citrate 0.10 Perfume 0.20 Sodiuin Nitrite 0.20 (e) Deionised Water 41.15 (a) Butane 17.14 (a) Propane 3.26 100.00 The pH of this exauzple was about 11 and pressure about 50-51 psi at 25 C.
Ingredient % w/w (b) Teric LA4 9.40 (b) Teric G12A6 3.40 Surfadone LP300 0.50 (c) Norpar 12 9.35 (d) Denatured Absolute Ethanol 100 AG/F3 17.00 Light Soda Ash 0.10 ANIP Regular 0.10 Sodiuni Citrate 0.10 DS 1986 1.10 Perfume 0.20 Sodiunl Lauroyl Sarcosinate (301'o active) 0.35 (e) Deionised Water 38.00 (a) Butane 15.10 (a) Propane 5.30 100.00 The pH of this exatnple was about 11.5 and pressure about 65-68 psi at 25 C.
Ingredient Availability ANIP Regular - Angus Clieniicals (2-amiiio-2-methvl-propanol) Crillet 45 - Croda (sorbitaii trioleate condeiised with 20 nioles ethvlene oxide) 5 Monaniulse DL1273 - Mona Industries. Inc (85% active alkanolaiiiides aiid sulfosuccinate esters) Surfadone LP300 - ISP
Denatured Absolute ethanol - CSR Ltd Norpar 15 - Exxon (iiiixture of predoniiiiantly CC,a ii-alkanes) 10 Norpar 12 - Exxon (nllxttlre of predoniiiiaiitlv C,,, - C.1:1 n-alkanes) Teric LA4 - ICI (straight chain svnthetic C11- C, , alcoliol condensates with 4.5 nloles of ethvleiie oxide) Teric G12A6 - ICI (straiglit 'cliain synthetic C.11- C-õ alcohol condensates'with 6.0 inoles of etlivleiie oxide 15 DS1986 - ICI (Teric 12A series fatty alcohol) Light Soda Ash - Penrice (Sodituii carbonate standard grade) Sodium Bicarbonate - (Peurice standard grade) Butaiie - Boral Gas (unodourised conlniercial butane) Propane - Boral Gas (unodouris:ed conunercial propane) Cleaning Performance The cleaning perforinance of exaiiiples 1 and 5 was evaluated using the following test methodology for prewash products.
1.0 FABRIC
White polvester/cotton 65/35 White cottoil 100%
2.0 WASHING CONllITIONS
2.1 Hoovei Elite 1025 top loading atttouiatic washing machine. 12 niinute wash. 2 rinses.
2.2 Wash teiiiperature: Cold, record actual teiiiperature 2.3 Detergent: standard coinniercial powder laundry detergent 1.5g/L, 2.4 Only test and control swatches are washed in niachine. no duminv load.
2.5 Sivatches are dried in tunible drver before evaluation, *Trade-mark 3.0 S'I'AINS
Test Stains:
Grease and Oil Category 1. Sunip Oil (applied to soak 80 nun circle) 2. Eiigine Grease (applied to soak 50 iiini circle) 3. Lipstick (applied over 10x50 mni area) 4. Slioe Polish (dabbed lightly on 25 mni circle) 5. * Syntlietic Sebum (heat at 37 C. blue fabric) Bleachable Category 6. Blue Biro (applied approx over 10x50 uim area) 7. Black Texta'' (solvent based felt pen applied over 10 x 50 inni area) 8. Red Wine (applied to soak approx 80 inin circle) Proteinaceous Category 9. Grass (applied to approx 10x50 mm area) Fabric swatches are to be washed according to washing conditions given above prior to staining.
Always prepare two sets of stains more than the nuniber of samples to be evaluated and wash one set without prewash treatiiient (control swatches) and keep the other set unwashed and without prewash treatment as rating standards for no stain removal. Select swatches randomly for samples to be evaluated.
4.0 TIMING
Standard tiine between staiiiing and prewash application is 24 hours.
4.1 Aerosols and Triggers: apply pre-wash for 1 minute before washing.
4.2 Soaker: Soak, for 12 hours before washing.
4.3 Soap: Applv approx 0.5 g to each stain and scrub for approx 30 seconds before washing 5.0 RATING
5.1 Stains are rated on a 0-5 scale 0 indicates coiilplete renioval of stain 5 indicates no removal of stain 0.5 units are used in rating 5.2 Stains are rated by n experienced people independently and the ratings averaged for eacli stain.
*Trade-mazk 5.3 Stains are rated in strong "south" dayliglit (would be north light in the northern heinispliere). White swatches are laid flat on a dark background for rating. this procedure inakes rating easier and niore reproducible, especiallv for oil stains.
6.0 TEST DESIGN
6.1 This varies depending on the aini of the test. Extra parameters such as age of the stain or washing conditions can be varied if necessary.
6.2 Aii "untreated" control stain is always washed in the saiiie load as eacli sainple tested with prewasli. A number of different stains are tested in the saine wash load (along with their corresponding "untreated" coiitrols) but only one prewasli product is tested in the one washing niachine load.
6.3 Wherever possible. ratings are compared only within the one set of trials.
* Synthetic Sebuln Forinula Component % w/w Palmitic acid 10.0 Stearic acid 5.0 Coconut oil 15.0 Paraffin wax 10.0 Sperniaceti wax 15.0 Olive oil 20.0 Squaline 5.0 Cholesterol 5.0 Oleic acid 10.0 Linoleic acid 5.0 Total 100.0 Results : First Series (n = 3) Prewasls Co><npositions _ Soi1/Fabric C N P Q R S T U Bxainple 1 ~
I;n1;i>>o Gr(:asc:/ 5 4.83 2.83 4.67 3.00 3.00 5.00 3.17 3.33 Cotlon Lipslick/Collc > 5 3.67 3.33 2.17 3.67 3.67 2.33 2.00 2.00 I,i1>Slic;k/ 5 3.83 2.33 3.00 3.33 3.33 2.83 2.00 1.67 Polv-CoIlo i Sluui Polish/ Cot lcni 5 3.50 4.00 3.33 4.00 4.33 3.67 3.00 2.17 Shc; Polisli/ I'olv- 5 3.17 3.67 2.83 3.67 4.17 :3.67 3.00 2.33 Cotlon Scannn svnlllotir,/ 5 1.33 0.17 2.00 0.17 O 1.83 0 0 Cotto Sr.butu svnthcaic;/ 5 1.50 0 1.17 0 0 1.50 0 0 I'olv-cot lotc 13111c:13irci/Cotlorn 5 4.00 2.33 1.83 2.00 2.00 2.67 1.33 0.67 13111c.13iro/ 5 4.33 3.83 3.33 2.67 3.00 4.50 2.33 2.17 Pol v-co l to ll 13lack "I'c;xla/ Cottoic 5 4.67 5.50 4.17 4.67 4.67 4.67 5.33 3.00 Rod winr./Cotloti 5 2.00 2.17 2.67 2.67 3.17 2.83 2.50 1.83 Rod winn./ 5 1.17 1.00 1.83 2.00 2.00 2.67 1.17 1.00 I'nlv-cat lon Grass/Cottcnt 5 3.50. 4.33 3.83 3.50 3.50 3.17 3.67 2.00 Grass/ 5 2.83 3.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.83 2.50 Polv-cotton Wash Temperature : 20-22 C
Ingredient Availability ANIP Regular - Angus Clieniicals (2-amiiio-2-methvl-propanol) Crillet 45 - Croda (sorbitaii trioleate condeiised with 20 nioles ethvlene oxide) 5 Monaniulse DL1273 - Mona Industries. Inc (85% active alkanolaiiiides aiid sulfosuccinate esters) Surfadone LP300 - ISP
Denatured Absolute ethanol - CSR Ltd Norpar 15 - Exxon (iiiixture of predoniiiiantly CC,a ii-alkanes) 10 Norpar 12 - Exxon (nllxttlre of predoniiiiaiitlv C,,, - C.1:1 n-alkanes) Teric LA4 - ICI (straight chain svnthetic C11- C, , alcoliol condensates with 4.5 nloles of ethvleiie oxide) Teric G12A6 - ICI (straiglit 'cliain synthetic C.11- C-õ alcohol condensates'with 6.0 inoles of etlivleiie oxide 15 DS1986 - ICI (Teric 12A series fatty alcohol) Light Soda Ash - Penrice (Sodituii carbonate standard grade) Sodium Bicarbonate - (Peurice standard grade) Butaiie - Boral Gas (unodourised conlniercial butane) Propane - Boral Gas (unodouris:ed conunercial propane) Cleaning Performance The cleaning perforinance of exaiiiples 1 and 5 was evaluated using the following test methodology for prewash products.
1.0 FABRIC
White polvester/cotton 65/35 White cottoil 100%
2.0 WASHING CONllITIONS
2.1 Hoovei Elite 1025 top loading atttouiatic washing machine. 12 niinute wash. 2 rinses.
2.2 Wash teiiiperature: Cold, record actual teiiiperature 2.3 Detergent: standard coinniercial powder laundry detergent 1.5g/L, 2.4 Only test and control swatches are washed in niachine. no duminv load.
2.5 Sivatches are dried in tunible drver before evaluation, *Trade-mark 3.0 S'I'AINS
Test Stains:
Grease and Oil Category 1. Sunip Oil (applied to soak 80 nun circle) 2. Eiigine Grease (applied to soak 50 iiini circle) 3. Lipstick (applied over 10x50 mni area) 4. Slioe Polish (dabbed lightly on 25 mni circle) 5. * Syntlietic Sebum (heat at 37 C. blue fabric) Bleachable Category 6. Blue Biro (applied approx over 10x50 uim area) 7. Black Texta'' (solvent based felt pen applied over 10 x 50 inni area) 8. Red Wine (applied to soak approx 80 inin circle) Proteinaceous Category 9. Grass (applied to approx 10x50 mm area) Fabric swatches are to be washed according to washing conditions given above prior to staining.
Always prepare two sets of stains more than the nuniber of samples to be evaluated and wash one set without prewash treatiiient (control swatches) and keep the other set unwashed and without prewash treatment as rating standards for no stain removal. Select swatches randomly for samples to be evaluated.
4.0 TIMING
Standard tiine between staiiiing and prewash application is 24 hours.
4.1 Aerosols and Triggers: apply pre-wash for 1 minute before washing.
4.2 Soaker: Soak, for 12 hours before washing.
4.3 Soap: Applv approx 0.5 g to each stain and scrub for approx 30 seconds before washing 5.0 RATING
5.1 Stains are rated on a 0-5 scale 0 indicates coiilplete renioval of stain 5 indicates no removal of stain 0.5 units are used in rating 5.2 Stains are rated by n experienced people independently and the ratings averaged for eacli stain.
*Trade-mazk 5.3 Stains are rated in strong "south" dayliglit (would be north light in the northern heinispliere). White swatches are laid flat on a dark background for rating. this procedure inakes rating easier and niore reproducible, especiallv for oil stains.
6.0 TEST DESIGN
6.1 This varies depending on the aini of the test. Extra parameters such as age of the stain or washing conditions can be varied if necessary.
6.2 Aii "untreated" control stain is always washed in the saiiie load as eacli sainple tested with prewasli. A number of different stains are tested in the saine wash load (along with their corresponding "untreated" coiitrols) but only one prewasli product is tested in the one washing niachine load.
6.3 Wherever possible. ratings are compared only within the one set of trials.
* Synthetic Sebuln Forinula Component % w/w Palmitic acid 10.0 Stearic acid 5.0 Coconut oil 15.0 Paraffin wax 10.0 Sperniaceti wax 15.0 Olive oil 20.0 Squaline 5.0 Cholesterol 5.0 Oleic acid 10.0 Linoleic acid 5.0 Total 100.0 Results : First Series (n = 3) Prewasls Co><npositions _ Soi1/Fabric C N P Q R S T U Bxainple 1 ~
I;n1;i>>o Gr(:asc:/ 5 4.83 2.83 4.67 3.00 3.00 5.00 3.17 3.33 Cotlon Lipslick/Collc > 5 3.67 3.33 2.17 3.67 3.67 2.33 2.00 2.00 I,i1>Slic;k/ 5 3.83 2.33 3.00 3.33 3.33 2.83 2.00 1.67 Polv-CoIlo i Sluui Polish/ Cot lcni 5 3.50 4.00 3.33 4.00 4.33 3.67 3.00 2.17 Shc; Polisli/ I'olv- 5 3.17 3.67 2.83 3.67 4.17 :3.67 3.00 2.33 Cotlon Scannn svnlllotir,/ 5 1.33 0.17 2.00 0.17 O 1.83 0 0 Cotto Sr.butu svnthcaic;/ 5 1.50 0 1.17 0 0 1.50 0 0 I'olv-cot lotc 13111c:13irci/Cotlorn 5 4.00 2.33 1.83 2.00 2.00 2.67 1.33 0.67 13111c.13iro/ 5 4.33 3.83 3.33 2.67 3.00 4.50 2.33 2.17 Pol v-co l to ll 13lack "I'c;xla/ Cottoic 5 4.67 5.50 4.17 4.67 4.67 4.67 5.33 3.00 Rod winr./Cotloti 5 2.00 2.17 2.67 2.67 3.17 2.83 2.50 1.83 Rod winn./ 5 1.17 1.00 1.83 2.00 2.00 2.67 1.17 1.00 I'nlv-cat lon Grass/Cottcnt 5 3.50. 4.33 3.83 3.50 3.50 3.17 3.67 2.00 Grass/ 5 2.83 3.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.83 2.50 Polv-cotton Wash Temperature : 20-22 C
Results : Second Series f n= 4) Prewasli Compositions Soil/Fabric C N P R Exainple 5 5t1u111 Oil/ I'nlv-c;clllcln 5 3.811 2.13 2.50 0.(i3 1',11gi11[! (,r(:il~+(:/ 9 4.5() 2.75 2.25 1.63 I'cIIV-c:rlilon Lillstic:k/ 5 3.50 2.25 1.811 1.50 I'(.)l v-cot tclil Key : Pre-wasli Compositions Used C Rating standard for no stain reinoval (no prewash and not washed) N No pre wash (washed coiitrol) P Isoparaffin based trigger Q Water based trigger R Isoparaffin based aerosol S White spirit based aerosol T Water based protease enzyme pump spray U Naphthene based trigger For the aerosols of the first series. samples were applied tllrough a standard Delta*1vIBU actuator with a 0.41 inni diaiiieter orifice Brown Aqua Insert obtaiiied from Precision Valve.
For the aerosols of the second series, sainples were applied through an iiitegrated actuator/overcap without an insert and witli an orifice 0.85 nini in diameter obtained from Precision Valve.
Aerosol valves of the saine specification were used in both comparisoiis for R. S. Exainple I and Exa>.nple 5.
It was observed that the use of the integrated actuator/overcap delivered the composition faster to the surface as compared with the Delta actuator. This >.nay inean that more propellant is retained witli a subsequent more vigorous and longer lasting bubbling action.
*Trade-mark In addition to outstanding cleaning perforuiance for a water-based prewash cleaning cotnposition. the conipositions of this inventiou displav a number of advantages over the prior art:-- In assessing flalnniability, preferred compositions exhibit no burn 5 back and do not self sustain buriiing. By contrast prior art hydrocarbon solvent based compositions usually self sustain burning. Furtller. when hvdrocarboii propellant is used in couibinatioii with llydrocarbon solvent.
the coiiipositioiis usually burn back as well.
- Coinpared with the prior art solveut-based conlpositions, there is a 10 significant reduction in preferred coiiipositioiis in volatile organic conipounds (VOC's). This is of particular iniportance in terms of environinental considerations.
- There is a saving iii'ingredient costs in preferred coinpositions that include ethanol as the water-niiscible coupling ageiits as coinpared with.
15 couventional hydrocarbon, solvent-based coixipositions.
- There is also a saving in ingredient costs bv replacing a proportion of conventional hydrocarbons with water.
- In preferred coiiipositioiis a stable clear uiicroeniulsion of the hydrocarbon propellant is forined which obviates the need for shaking the 20 aerosol before use.
- The bubbling action on the surface provides a visual indication to consumers of the cleaning action of the compositions.
- In preferred compositions the bubbling action is achieved in the presence of surfactants in a water-based couiposition without creating a foani cover.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or uiodifications may be uiade to the invention as shown in the specific einbodinients witliout departing fronl the spirit or scope of the inveution as broadly described. The present elnbodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative aiid not restrictive.
For the aerosols of the second series, sainples were applied through an iiitegrated actuator/overcap without an insert and witli an orifice 0.85 nini in diameter obtained from Precision Valve.
Aerosol valves of the saine specification were used in both comparisoiis for R. S. Exainple I and Exa>.nple 5.
It was observed that the use of the integrated actuator/overcap delivered the composition faster to the surface as compared with the Delta actuator. This >.nay inean that more propellant is retained witli a subsequent more vigorous and longer lasting bubbling action.
*Trade-mark In addition to outstanding cleaning perforuiance for a water-based prewash cleaning cotnposition. the conipositions of this inventiou displav a number of advantages over the prior art:-- In assessing flalnniability, preferred compositions exhibit no burn 5 back and do not self sustain buriiing. By contrast prior art hydrocarbon solvent based compositions usually self sustain burning. Furtller. when hvdrocarboii propellant is used in couibinatioii with llydrocarbon solvent.
the coiiipositioiis usually burn back as well.
- Coinpared with the prior art solveut-based conlpositions, there is a 10 significant reduction in preferred coiiipositioiis in volatile organic conipounds (VOC's). This is of particular iniportance in terms of environinental considerations.
- There is a saving iii'ingredient costs in preferred coinpositions that include ethanol as the water-niiscible coupling ageiits as coinpared with.
15 couventional hydrocarbon, solvent-based coixipositions.
- There is also a saving in ingredient costs bv replacing a proportion of conventional hydrocarbons with water.
- In preferred coiiipositioiis a stable clear uiicroeniulsion of the hydrocarbon propellant is forined which obviates the need for shaking the 20 aerosol before use.
- The bubbling action on the surface provides a visual indication to consumers of the cleaning action of the compositions.
- In preferred compositions the bubbling action is achieved in the presence of surfactants in a water-based couiposition without creating a foani cover.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or uiodifications may be uiade to the invention as shown in the specific einbodinients witliout departing fronl the spirit or scope of the inveution as broadly described. The present elnbodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative aiid not restrictive.
Claims (41)
1. A cleaning composition in aerosol form comprising an oil-in-water emulsion containing:
(a) 2 to 60% w/w in total amount of one or more hydrocarbon propellants wherein the propellants substantially form a part of the oil phase when the composition is formulated;
(b) 2 to 50% w/w in total amount of one or more surfactants;
(c) 0.1 to 30% w/w in total amount of one or more water-immiscible organic compounds;
(d) 0.5 to 40% w/w in total amount of one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol; and (e) 10 to 70% w/w of water, characterised in that a sufficient amount of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
(a) 2 to 60% w/w in total amount of one or more hydrocarbon propellants wherein the propellants substantially form a part of the oil phase when the composition is formulated;
(b) 2 to 50% w/w in total amount of one or more surfactants;
(c) 0.1 to 30% w/w in total amount of one or more water-immiscible organic compounds;
(d) 0.5 to 40% w/w in total amount of one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol; and (e) 10 to 70% w/w of water, characterised in that a sufficient amount of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge to a surface such that the retained propellant boils to create a sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
2. The cleaning composition according to claim 1 wherein the sustained bubbling action lasts for up to 15 seconds.
3. The cleaning composition according to claim 1 wherein the sustained bubbling action lasts for up to 15 seconds followed by a continuous less vigorous bubbling action.
4. The cleaning composition according to claim 1 wherein the sustained bubbling action lasts for at least seconds.
5. The cleaning composition according to claim 3 wherein the continuous, less vigorous bubbling action lasts for more than one minute.
6. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the concentration of the one or more propellants is from 5 to 50% w/w.
7. The cleaning composition according to claim 6 wherein the concentration of the one or more propellants is from 10 to 30% w/w.
8. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the one or more propellants are selected from the group consisting of acetylene, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propene, n-butane, n-butene, iso-butane, iso-butene, pentane, pentene, iso-pentane, iso-pentene, and mixtures thereof.
9. The cleaning composition according to claim 8 wherein the one or more propellants are selected from the group consisting of propane, n-butane, iso-butane, pentane, iso-pentane, and mixtures thereof.
10. The cleaning composition according to claim 8 wherein the one or more propellants are selected from the group consisting of propane, n-butane, iso-butane, and mixtures thereof.
11. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the concentration of the one or more surfactants is from 5 to 25% w/w.
12. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the concentration of an individual surfactant in a mixture of more than one surfactant is from 0.1 to 5% w/w.
13. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the one or more surfactants are selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and cationic surfactants.
14. The cleaning composition according to claim 13 wherein the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid ester ethoxylates, glycerol fatty acid ester ethoxylates, sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, coconut monoethanolamide ethoxylates, tall oil ethoxylates, polypropylene glycol ethoxylates, fatty acid alkanolamides, coconut mono- and diethanolamides, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and propoxylates, amine oxides, n-alkyl pyrrolidones, alkyl polysaccharides, sucrose esters and alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
15. The cleaning composition according to claim 13 wherein the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl ether sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sulfosuccinate esters, ammonium lauryl sulfate, alkyl sulfonates, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkyl phenol ethoxylates, sodium xylene sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulphonates, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, xylene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, dialkylsulfosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosines, lauroyl sarcosine, alkyl ether carboxylates, soaps, and sodium-, potassium-, magnesium-, calcium-, alkanolamine-, and amine-soaps.
16. The cleaning composition according to claim 13 wherein the amphoteric surfactants are selected from the group consisting of betaines, n-alkyl pyrrolidones, and imidazolines.
17. The cleaning composition according to claim 13 wherein the cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide, salts of organic or inorganic acids with fatty amines and fatty amine ethoxylates.
18. The cleaning composition according to claim 14 or 15 comprising a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants.
19. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18 wherein the concentration of the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds is from 0.5 to 30% w/w.
20. The cleaning composition according to claim 19 wherein the concentration of the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds is from 2 to 20% w/w.
21. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds function to suppress generation of foam on discharge of the aerosol.
22. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 21 wherein the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds are selected from the group consisting of liquid n-paraffins, liquid iso-paraffins, cycloalkanes, naphthene-containing solvents, white spirit, kerosene, aromatic solvents, mineral turpentine, ester solvents, silicone solvents or oils, terpenes, fatty acids, fatty amines, paraffin waxes, linear alkyl benzene, dialkyl phthalates, C5-C11 alcohols and fatty alcohols.
23. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the liquid n-paraffins are selected from the group consisting of Norpar* 12, Norpar 13, and Norpar 15.
24. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the liquid iso-paraffins are selected from the group consisting of Isopar* G, Isopar H, Isopar L, Isopar M and Isopar V.
25. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the naphthene-containing solvents are selected from the group consisting of Exxsol* D40, Exxsol D60, Exxsol D80, and Nappar* 10.
26. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the ester solvents are alkyl acetates.
27. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the aromatic solvents are selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene, and xylene.
28. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the silicone solvents or oils are selected from the group consisting of Dow Corning* 244, 245, 344, and 345 fluids.
29. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the terpenes are selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus oil, cineole, orange oil, and limonene.
30. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the fatty amines are selected from the group consisting of soya amines, tallow amines, and cocoamines.
31. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, caproic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid.
32. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the fatty alcohols are selected from the group consisting of octanol, dodecanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol.
33. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds are grease dissolving solvents.
34. The cleaning composition according to claim 22 wherein the one or more water-immiscible organic compounds are selected from liquid n-paraffins and liquid iso-paraffins.
35. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 34 wherein the concentration of the one or more water-miscible organic coupling agents is from 5 to 30% w/w.
36. The cleaning composition according to claim 1 wherein the water miscible organic coupling agents are selected from ethanol and iso-propanol.
37. The cleaning composition according to claim 36 wherein the water miscible organic coupling agent is ethanol.
38. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37 further including one or more of surfactant additives; alkaline builders; sequestering, complexing agents or water softening agents; pH control buffering or adjusting agents; perfumes; dyes; preservatives; soil suspending or anti-redepositing agents; soil release or anti-resoiling agents; corrosion inhibitors; co-surfactants;
organic and/or inorganic acids; thickening agents;
abrasives; alkaline compounds; antimicrobials; enzymes;
hydrotropes; solvents for specific soils; chlorine, oxygen or reducing bleaching substances; and supplementary propellants.
organic and/or inorganic acids; thickening agents;
abrasives; alkaline compounds; antimicrobials; enzymes;
hydrotropes; solvents for specific soils; chlorine, oxygen or reducing bleaching substances; and supplementary propellants.
39. The cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 38 in the form of: textile cleaners, carpet cleaners and prewash cleaners; hard surface cleaners for toilets, tiles, glass, stainless steel, ovens, kitchens, and bathroom surfaces; paint strippers or mildew removers.
40. A method of cleaning a surface comprising applying to that surface a cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 39 in a manner such that sufficient of the propellant is retained in the emulsion on discharge so that the retained propellant boils to create the sustained bubbling action in the absence of foaming on the surface.
41. A method of forming the cleaning composition according to any one of claims 1 to 39 comprising the steps of (i) dissolving the water-phase ingredients, (ii) adding the oil-phase ingredients to the dissolved water-phase ingredients with stirring to form a concentrate, (iii) adding the concentrate to an aerosol package, and (iv) gassing the concentrate with the propellant.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| GBGB9512900.3A GB9512900D0 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Improvements in or relating to organic compositions |
| GB9512900.3 | 1995-06-23 | ||
| PCT/AU1996/000373 WO1997000934A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-21 | Aerosol cleaning compositions |
Publications (2)
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| CA2225445A1 CA2225445A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| CA2225445C true CA2225445C (en) | 2007-12-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002225445A Expired - Lifetime CA2225445C (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1996-06-21 | Aerosol cleaning compositions |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US6150318A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0840779A4 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR002580A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU699687B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9609207A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2225445C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9512900D0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9710281A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY128097A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ310358A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997000934A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA965286B (en) |
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| CA975500A (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1975-09-30 | Joseph G. Spitzer | Structures such as applicator pads for cleaning and other purposes, propellant compositions for forming the same, and process |
| US3947567A (en) * | 1970-08-08 | 1976-03-30 | Phoenix Research Inc. | Effervescent cleansers |
| US3929492A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1975-12-30 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Surface treating compositions |
| US3955986A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-05-11 | American Cyanamid Company | Hard surface cleaning and polishing composition |
| US4439343A (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1984-03-27 | United Industries Corporation | Aerosol preparation |
| US4362638A (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1982-12-07 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Gelled laundry pre-spotter |
| US4574052A (en) * | 1984-05-31 | 1986-03-04 | Richardson-Vicks Inc. | Crackling aerosol foam |
| JPH0672239B2 (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1994-09-14 | タイホ−工業株式会社 | Polishing cleaning method |
| US4954286A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1990-09-04 | Lever Brothers Company | Fabric pretreatment cleaning compositions |
| US5186857A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1993-02-16 | Imaginative Research Associates, Inc. | Self-foaming oil compositions and process for making and using same |
| WO1990011343A1 (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1990-10-04 | Imaginative Research Associates, Inc. | Self-foaming oil compositions and process for making and using same |
| WO1992016188A1 (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-01 | The Gillette Company | Shaving compositions |
| NZ239646A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1994-09-27 | Ecolab Inc | Antimicrobial composition comprising octanoic acid or a derivative thereof |
| US5227085A (en) * | 1992-02-03 | 1993-07-13 | Motsenbocker Gregg A | Water-based cleaner containing TSP, EDTA, ethylene glycol butyl ether, and acetone |
| KR100246017B1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 2000-03-02 | 알 브이 테이트 (로드니 비버스 테이트), 에이치 드로이. 씨. 지. 오닌크, 이. 에디, 산드라 웨드워즈 (에스 제이 에드워즈) | Low-foaming, liquid cleaning compositions |
| WO1994023012A1 (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-10-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Microemulsion and emulsion cleaning compositions |
| US5399282A (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1995-03-21 | Kiwi Brands, Inc. | Dusting and cleaning composition |
| US5616548A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1997-04-01 | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | Stable microemulsion cleaning composition |
| US5523014A (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1996-06-04 | Gojo Industries, Inc. | Flowable, pumpable cleaning compositions and method for the preparation thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-06-23 GB GBGB9512900.3A patent/GB9512900D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-06-21 WO PCT/AU1996/000373 patent/WO1997000934A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-21 EP EP96918509A patent/EP0840779A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-21 NZ NZ310358A patent/NZ310358A/en unknown
- 1996-06-21 BR BR9609207A patent/BR9609207A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-21 CA CA002225445A patent/CA2225445C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-21 AU AU61145/96A patent/AU699687B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-06-21 MY MYPI96002525A patent/MY128097A/en unknown
- 1996-06-21 ZA ZA9605286A patent/ZA965286B/en unknown
- 1996-06-24 US US08/669,584 patent/US6150318A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-24 AR ARP960103290A patent/AR002580A1/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-12-17 MX MX9710281A patent/MX9710281A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ310358A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
| MY128097A (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| ZA965286B (en) | 1997-02-17 |
| AU6114596A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
| CA2225445A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| MX9710281A (en) | 1998-08-30 |
| GB9512900D0 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
| AR002580A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| EP0840779A4 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| US6150318A (en) | 2000-11-21 |
| BR9609207A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| WO1997000934A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
| EP0840779A1 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
| AU699687B2 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20160621 |