CA2308468C - Substrate treatment promoting shedding of oil - Google Patents
Substrate treatment promoting shedding of oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2308468C CA2308468C CA002308468A CA2308468A CA2308468C CA 2308468 C CA2308468 C CA 2308468C CA 002308468 A CA002308468 A CA 002308468A CA 2308468 A CA2308468 A CA 2308468A CA 2308468 C CA2308468 C CA 2308468C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coat
- weight percent
- oil
- silicone solution
- sensing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YTTFFPATQICAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)CO YTTFFPATQICAQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004447 silicone coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/268—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors mounting arrangements of probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
- G01F23/292—Light, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet
- G01F23/2921—Light, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet for discrete levels
Abstract
In a preferred embodiment, a method of treating a surface of said oil level sensing device to promote the shedding of oil therefrom, including the steps of: coating the surface of said oil level sensing device with a primer and permitting the primer to dry; and then, coating the surface of said oil level sensing device with a silicone solution and curing the silicone solution on the surface of siad oil level sensing device.
Description
Description Substrate Treatment Promoting Shedding of Oil Technical Field The present invention relates to a method of treating a substrate to promote shedding therefrom of oil generally and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to such a method that is especially useful in treating surfaces of oil level detection sensors.
Background Art Various types of level detection sensors are employed in oil containing systems. Typically, in the past and to some extent in the present, such level detection sensors are of the float type, with the level indicated purely mechanically or by converting mechanical motion to an electrical signal. More recently, optical and electronic level detection sensors have been employed to obviate the need for moving parts and problems with contaminated oil fouling the float mechanisms.
Optical level sensors include the type in which a beam of light impinges on a lens. If the oil level is at or above the lens, the light will pass through the lens and into the liquid. If, however, the oil level is below the lens, the light beam will be reflected from the lens. Reflection or not is detected to determine oil level. Electronic sensors include the type in which oil level affects a capacitive charge on a metallic rod. In a typical engine installation, oil level is measured only at startup, since the oil pan level drops after the engine is started. With either type of device, if oil has not drained from the surface of the sensor before the reading is made, the reading will be affected.
Background Art Various types of level detection sensors are employed in oil containing systems. Typically, in the past and to some extent in the present, such level detection sensors are of the float type, with the level indicated purely mechanically or by converting mechanical motion to an electrical signal. More recently, optical and electronic level detection sensors have been employed to obviate the need for moving parts and problems with contaminated oil fouling the float mechanisms.
Optical level sensors include the type in which a beam of light impinges on a lens. If the oil level is at or above the lens, the light will pass through the lens and into the liquid. If, however, the oil level is below the lens, the light beam will be reflected from the lens. Reflection or not is detected to determine oil level. Electronic sensors include the type in which oil level affects a capacitive charge on a metallic rod. In a typical engine installation, oil level is measured only at startup, since the oil pan level drops after the engine is started. With either type of device, if oil has not drained from the surface of the sensor before the reading is made, the reading will be affected.
Lubricating oil for diesel engines is prone to buildup of carbonaceous materials, such as soot, as the oil is used and this contamination causes the oil to adhere to surfaces of sensor devices. Drainage of such contaminated oil may take 10 minutes or, in some cases, the oil may never drain from the surfaces.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a method of treating a substrate to promote the shedding of oil therefrom.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a method that is easily and economically carried out.
It is an additional object of the invention to provide such a method that can be applied to the surfaces of level sensing devices.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a method for treating the surfaces of level sensing devices that are to be used with diesel engine lubricating oil containing carbonaceous materials.
Other objects of the present invention, as well as particular features, elements, and advantages thereof, will be elucidated in, or be apparent from, the following description.
Disclosure of Invention The present invention achieves the above objects, among others, by providing, in a preferred embodiment, a method of treating a surface of an oil level sensing device to promote the shedding of oil therefrom, comprising the steps of: coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a primer and permitting said primer to dry; and then, coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a silicone solution and curing said silicone solution on said surface of said oil level sensing device.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a method of treating a substrate to promote the shedding of oil therefrom.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a method that is easily and economically carried out.
It is an additional object of the invention to provide such a method that can be applied to the surfaces of level sensing devices.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a method for treating the surfaces of level sensing devices that are to be used with diesel engine lubricating oil containing carbonaceous materials.
Other objects of the present invention, as well as particular features, elements, and advantages thereof, will be elucidated in, or be apparent from, the following description.
Disclosure of Invention The present invention achieves the above objects, among others, by providing, in a preferred embodiment, a method of treating a surface of an oil level sensing device to promote the shedding of oil therefrom, comprising the steps of: coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a primer and permitting said primer to dry; and then, coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a silicone solution and curing said silicone solution on said surface of said oil level sensing device.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention The steps of the present invention are:
(1) Cleaning the substrate to be treated.
(2) Applying a primer to the substrate.
(3) Allowing the primer to dry.
(1) Cleaning the substrate to be treated.
(2) Applying a primer to the substrate.
(3) Allowing the primer to dry.
(4) Applying the treatment material to the primed substrate.
(5) Curing the applied treatment material.
It has been found that a suitable cleaning material is isopropanol; however, any other cleaning material compatible with the substrate to be treated may be employed as well. Typical substrates to which the present invention may be applied include polymeric surfaces of optical level sensors and metallic surfaces of capacitive level sensors, both intended for application in level sensing of engine lubricating oil.
The primer must be effective for preparing the substrate surface to promote adhesion of the subsequently applied treatment material. The composition of the preferred primer, an acrylic polymer solution, for a variety of metallic, polymeric, and other non-metallic materials is as follows:
Material Approx. Weight Percent Diacetone Alcohol 10-30 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol 80-99 Polymethyl Methacrylate 1-5 2-Methoxy-l-Propanol 1-5 Such a material is available, for example, as Product SHC4015 supplied by GE Silicones, Waterford, New York.
The treating material must be effective to provide a very smooth surface to promote the rapid shedding therefrom of engine lubricating oil. The composition of the preferred treating material, a silicone solution, for a variety of metallic, polymeric, and other non-metallic materials is as follows:
Material Approx. Weight Percent Methanol 10-30 Isopropyl Alcohol 10-30 N-Butyl Alcohol 10-30 Methylsilsesquioxane Resin 10-30 Water 5-10 Such a material is available, for example, as Product SHP401 supplied by GE Silicones, Waterford, New York.
The primer solution is generally applied to the substrate at room temperature and dried, preferably by air drying.
The substrate is then dipped into the treating solution at room temperature and withdrawn therefrom over a period of from about 0.5 to about 10 minutes, depending on the desired thickness of the coating, and preferably from about one to about 4 minutes. The coating is next allowed to dry at room temperature until tack free, typically in a period of from about 10 to about 20 minutes. The coating is then cured, effective to produce a very smooth surface, at a suitable temperature of from about 2450F to about 2750F, preferably about 2600F, for a period of at least 4 hours. The thickness of the cured coating should be in the range of about 3 to about 5 microns, preferably about 4 microns.
The silicone coating and primer used in the present invention are disclosed in the art as providing protection against deterioration from weather, including ultraviolet rays, heat, cold, rain, snow, and ice, as well as resisting damage from sand and dirt. The hard coat is disclosed as resistant against ultraviolet, abrasion, and mar, solvent/chemical, and thermal. This coating has been used on eyeglass lenses and automobile headlamps.
Silicone solutions which are cured by ultraviolet light may also be employed as treating materials.
The treatment easily and economically produces a substrate with a very robust coating from which sooty lubricating oil drains to a satisfactory degree, such draining taking place instantly up to about one minute.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those elucidated in, or made apparent from, the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above method without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
It has been found that a suitable cleaning material is isopropanol; however, any other cleaning material compatible with the substrate to be treated may be employed as well. Typical substrates to which the present invention may be applied include polymeric surfaces of optical level sensors and metallic surfaces of capacitive level sensors, both intended for application in level sensing of engine lubricating oil.
The primer must be effective for preparing the substrate surface to promote adhesion of the subsequently applied treatment material. The composition of the preferred primer, an acrylic polymer solution, for a variety of metallic, polymeric, and other non-metallic materials is as follows:
Material Approx. Weight Percent Diacetone Alcohol 10-30 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol 80-99 Polymethyl Methacrylate 1-5 2-Methoxy-l-Propanol 1-5 Such a material is available, for example, as Product SHC4015 supplied by GE Silicones, Waterford, New York.
The treating material must be effective to provide a very smooth surface to promote the rapid shedding therefrom of engine lubricating oil. The composition of the preferred treating material, a silicone solution, for a variety of metallic, polymeric, and other non-metallic materials is as follows:
Material Approx. Weight Percent Methanol 10-30 Isopropyl Alcohol 10-30 N-Butyl Alcohol 10-30 Methylsilsesquioxane Resin 10-30 Water 5-10 Such a material is available, for example, as Product SHP401 supplied by GE Silicones, Waterford, New York.
The primer solution is generally applied to the substrate at room temperature and dried, preferably by air drying.
The substrate is then dipped into the treating solution at room temperature and withdrawn therefrom over a period of from about 0.5 to about 10 minutes, depending on the desired thickness of the coating, and preferably from about one to about 4 minutes. The coating is next allowed to dry at room temperature until tack free, typically in a period of from about 10 to about 20 minutes. The coating is then cured, effective to produce a very smooth surface, at a suitable temperature of from about 2450F to about 2750F, preferably about 2600F, for a period of at least 4 hours. The thickness of the cured coating should be in the range of about 3 to about 5 microns, preferably about 4 microns.
The silicone coating and primer used in the present invention are disclosed in the art as providing protection against deterioration from weather, including ultraviolet rays, heat, cold, rain, snow, and ice, as well as resisting damage from sand and dirt. The hard coat is disclosed as resistant against ultraviolet, abrasion, and mar, solvent/chemical, and thermal. This coating has been used on eyeglass lenses and automobile headlamps.
Silicone solutions which are cured by ultraviolet light may also be employed as treating materials.
The treatment easily and economically produces a substrate with a very robust coating from which sooty lubricating oil drains to a satisfactory degree, such draining taking place instantly up to about one minute.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those elucidated in, or made apparent from, the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above method without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
Claims (13)
1. A method of treating a surface of an oil level sensing device to promote the shedding of oil therefrom, comprising the steps of:
(a) coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a coat of primer and permitting said coat of primer to dry;
(b) then, coating said coated surface of said oil level sensing device with a coat of a silicone solution having a solvent and curing said coat of silicone solution on said previously coated surface of said oil level sensing device by evaporation of the said solvent.
(a) coating said surface of said oil level sensing device with a coat of primer and permitting said coat of primer to dry;
(b) then, coating said coated surface of said oil level sensing device with a coat of a silicone solution having a solvent and curing said coat of silicone solution on said previously coated surface of said oil level sensing device by evaporation of the said solvent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said primer is an acrylic polymer solution.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said acrylic polymer solution contains polymethyl methacrylate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said acrylic polymer solution contains from to 30 weight percent diacetone alcohol, from 80 to 99 weight percent 1-methoxy-2-propanol, from one to 5 weight percent polymethyl methacrylate, and from one to 5 weight percent 2-methoxy-1-propanol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said silicone solution contains methylsilsesquioxane resin.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said silicone solution contains from 10 to weight percent methanol, from 10 to 30 weight percent isopropyl alcohol, from 10 to 30 weight percent n-butyl alcohol, from 10 to 30 weight percent methylsilsesquioxane resin, and from 5 to 10 weight percent water.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said oil level sensing device is to be used in a diesel engine having lubricating oil with carbonaceous material therein.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: curing said coat of silicone solution at a temperature of from 245°F to 275°F.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: curing said coat of silicone solution at a temperature of about 260°F.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: curing said coat of silicone solution for a period of at least 4 hours.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: curing said coat of silicone solution with ultraviolet light.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said coat of silicone solution has a cured thickness of from 3 to 5 microns.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said coat of silicone solution has a cured thickness of about 4 microns.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/963,838 US5928729A (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1997-11-04 | Method of treating a substrate to promote shedding therefrom of oil |
US08/963,838 | 1997-11-04 | ||
PCT/US1998/017764 WO1999022880A1 (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1998-08-27 | Substrate treatment promoting shedding of oil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2308468A1 CA2308468A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
CA2308468C true CA2308468C (en) | 2009-06-30 |
Family
ID=25507784
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002308468A Expired - Fee Related CA2308468C (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1998-08-27 | Substrate treatment promoting shedding of oil |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5928729A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1035926B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4357739B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1163309C (en) |
AU (1) | AU8922698A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9813910A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2308468C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69832094T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999022880A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5907278A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-05-25 | Kavlico Corporation | Capacitive sensor assembly with soot build-up inhibiting coating |
US7799276B2 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2010-09-21 | Michigan Molecular Institute | Functionalized particles for composite sensors |
US20080221263A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-09-11 | Subbareddy Kanagasabapathy | Coating compositions for producing transparent super-hydrophobic surfaces |
WO2015058128A1 (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | Fempulse, Llc | Devices and methods for stimulating nerves |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5540086A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1996-07-30 | Kavlico Corporation | Oil deterioration sensor |
-
1997
- 1997-11-04 US US08/963,838 patent/US5928729A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-08-27 CA CA002308468A patent/CA2308468C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-27 WO PCT/US1998/017764 patent/WO1999022880A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-27 EP EP98941083A patent/EP1035926B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 JP JP2000518800A patent/JP4357739B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-27 DE DE69832094T patent/DE69832094T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 BR BR9813910-0A patent/BR9813910A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-27 CN CNB988109441A patent/CN1163309C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-27 AU AU89226/98A patent/AU8922698A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5928729A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
WO1999022880A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
EP1035926A4 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
JP2002505936A (en) | 2002-02-26 |
EP1035926A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 |
BR9813910A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
CA2308468A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
CN1278749A (en) | 2001-01-03 |
CN1163309C (en) | 2004-08-25 |
DE69832094T2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
AU8922698A (en) | 1999-05-24 |
EP1035926B1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
JP4357739B2 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
DE69832094D1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20120827 |