EP0008127A1 - Process for consolidating coal and/or rock in mines - Google Patents

Process for consolidating coal and/or rock in mines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0008127A1
EP0008127A1 EP79102934A EP79102934A EP0008127A1 EP 0008127 A1 EP0008127 A1 EP 0008127A1 EP 79102934 A EP79102934 A EP 79102934A EP 79102934 A EP79102934 A EP 79102934A EP 0008127 A1 EP0008127 A1 EP 0008127A1
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Prior art keywords
added
chemical substance
magnesium oxide
rock
dispersion
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Granted
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EP79102934A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0008127B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Guido Dr. Klinkner
Günter Culmann
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Saarbergwerke AG
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Saarbergwerke AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
    • E21D9/002—Injection methods characterised by the chemical composition used

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for solidifying coal and / or rock by injecting a hardening dispersion from a magnesium chloride solution, burned magnesite, highly active magnesium oxide, bentonite and water.
  • a prerequisite for the practical use of an injection dispersion underground is a sufficiently long curing time.
  • dispersions are required that harden relatively quickly.
  • the curing time can be largely varied in a method known from DT-PS 2204281 by changing the ratio of the proportions of magnesium chloride solution, magnesium oxide and bentonite flour. With a certain mixture ratio, however, a lower limit for the curing time is reached, which can no longer be fallen below.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which the setting time of the dispersion is relatively short and in which the values for the adhesive strength of the dispersion continuously increase to the final value during the setting process.
  • this is achieved in that a proportion of more than 2.5% by weight of highly active magnesium oxide is added, and in addition a chemical substance which retards the setting is added.
  • Chemical substances suitable as retarding agents are, for example, borax, sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, potassium permanganate and ammonium molybdate.
  • the setting retarders are added to the dispersion in an amount of up to 1% by weight. advantage It is important that the setting time is shortened by the addition of the setting retarder, that the values for the adhesive force rise continuously up to the final value and that the values for the adhesive force of the hardened dispersion are higher than without the addition of the setting retarder.
  • Highly active magnesium oxide is obtained by burning precipitated magnesium oxide. he improves the gluing ability of the dispersion and enables penetration into very thin gaps in the rock. A relatively quick hardening of the dispersion with highly active magnesium oxide also takes place at so-called cold operating points underground. The setting time is not reduced in proportion to the proportion of highly active magnesium oxide added.
  • the invention is explained in more detail on the basis of test results.
  • the materials used in the tests had the following properties: Technical burnt magmite contained about 86.4% by weight of magnesium oxide in the chemical analysis; the technically concentrated magnesium chloride solution had a specific weight of 1.334 g / cm 3 ; highly active precipitated and burned magnesium oxide contained 99% by weight of MgO; the borax used as a retarding agent in the experiment was in the form of borax decahydrate.
  • the setting time corresponds to the time until the maximum temperature of the hardening dispersion is reached.
  • the adhesive strength of the hardening dispersion is measured as the shear strength of a glue joint between two unglazed tiles.
  • the setting time of the dispersion increases linearly with the proportion of borax added.
  • the addition of a small proportion of borax decahydrate increases the shear strength of the hardened dispersion and extends the setting time slightly.
  • magnesium chloride flakes can also be used analogously.
  • retarders are other boric acid salts, phosphates, fluorides, sulfates, permanganates and molybdates, whereby Na a SO 4 (sodium sulfate), NaB0 2 (sodium aaborate), Na 3 PO 4 ⁇ 12H 2 O (trisodium orthophosphate or sodium phosphate), NaF (sodium fluoride ), KMnO 4 (potassium permanganate), (NH 4) Mo 10 12O 41 .7H 2 O or (NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O (NH 4) 2 MoO 4 were (ammonium widely tested) and as well as borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) or borax decahydrate have proven to be suitable.

Abstract

1. A process for consolidating coal and/or rock in mining by the injection of a dispersion which hardens after its entry and which comprises a magnesium chloride solution, calcined magnesite, highly-active magnesium oxide, bentonite and water, characterized in that an amount of more than 2.5 % by weight of hyghly-active magnesium oxide is admixed and that, additionally, a chemical substance which retards setting is added.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Kohle und/oder Gestein durch Injizieren einer nach ihrem Eindringen erhärtenden Dispersion aus einer Magnesiumchloridlösung, gebranntem Magnesit, hochaktivem Magnesiumoxid, Bentonit und Wasser.The invention relates to a method for solidifying coal and / or rock by injecting a hardening dispersion from a magnesium chloride solution, burned magnesite, highly active magnesium oxide, bentonite and water.

Derartige Verfahren werden besonders dort angewendet, wo tektonische Störungen den Streckenvortrieb behindern bzw. in Abbaubetrieben Ausböschungen des Kohlestoßes die Kohlegewinnung erschweren.Such methods are particularly used where tectonic disturbances impede the tunneling or in coal mining operations, the coal piles make it difficult to extract coal.

Voraussetzung für den praktischen Einsatz einer Injektionsdispersion untertage ist neben niedriger Viskosität und guter Verleimungsfähigkeit eine ausreichend lange Aushärtungszeit. Für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle werden dagegen Dispersionen benötigt, die relativ schnell aushärten. Die Aushärtungszeit kann bei einem aus der DT-PS 2204281 bekannten Verfahren durch Veränderung des Verhältnisses der Anteile an Magnesiumchloridlösung, Magnesiumoxid und Bentonitmehl weitgehend variiert werden. Bei einem bestimmten Mischungsverhältnis wird jedoch ein unterer Grenzwert für die Aushärtezeit erreicht, der nicht mehr unterschritten werden kann.In addition to low viscosity and good gluing ability, a prerequisite for the practical use of an injection dispersion underground is a sufficiently long curing time. For certain applications, on the other hand, dispersions are required that harden relatively quickly. The curing time can be largely varied in a method known from DT-PS 2204281 by changing the ratio of the proportions of magnesium chloride solution, magnesium oxide and bentonite flour. With a certain mixture ratio, however, a lower limit for the curing time is reached, which can no longer be fallen below.

Bekannt ist es aus "Glückauf-Forschungshefte", Dezember 1976, Heft 6, Seite 243-245, durch Zusatz eines Anteils von 2,5 Gew.-% hochacktivem Magnesiumoxid zu einer Misctiung aus konzentrierter Magnesiumchloridlösung, gebranntem Magnesit und Bentonitmehl die Aushärtezeit der Dispersion weiter zu verkürzen und zugleich die sich nach kurzen Standzeiten einstellenden Festigkeitswerte zu verbessern. Nachteilig ist, daß bei Zugabe eines Anteils von mehr als 2,5 Gew.-% hochaktivem Magnesiumoxid die Werte für die Klebkraft im Verlauf des Abbindevorgang ein Minimum durchlaufen, um danach wieder anzusteigen.It is known from "Glückauf Research Books", December 1976, Issue 6, pages 243-245, by adding a proportion of 2.5% by weight of highly aromatic magnesium oxide to a mixture of concentrated magnesium chloride solution, fired magnesite and bentonite flour, the curing time of the dispersion to be further shortened and at the same time to improve the strength values that arise after short downtimes. It is disadvantageous that when a proportion of more than 2.5% by weight of highly active magnesium oxide is added, the values for the adhesive force pass through a minimum in the course of the setting process, in order then to rise again.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren der Eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei den die Abbindezeit der Dispersion relativ kurz ist und bei den die Werte für die Klebkraft der Dispersion während des Abbindevorgangs kontinuierlich bis zum Endwert ansteigen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which the setting time of the dispersion is relatively short and in which the values for the adhesive strength of the dispersion continuously increase to the final value during the setting process.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß ein Anteil von mehr als 2,5 Gew.-% an hochaktivem Magnesiumoxid beigemengt wird und daß zusätzlich ein die Abbindung verzögernder chemischer Stoff zugesetzt wird.According to the invention, this is achieved in that a proportion of more than 2.5% by weight of highly active magnesium oxide is added, and in addition a chemical substance which retards the setting is added.

Als Abbindeverzögerer geeignete chemische Stoffe sind beispielsweise Borax, Natriumsulfat, Natriumfluorid, Kaliumpermanganat und Ammoniuamolybdat.Chemical substances suitable as retarding agents are, for example, borax, sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride, potassium permanganate and ammonium molybdate.

Die Abbindeverzögerer werden der Dispersion in einer Menge bis zu 1 Gew.-% zugesetzt. Vorteilhaft ist, daß sich durch den Zusatz des Abbindeverzögerers die Abbindezeit verkürzt, daß die Werte für die Klebekraft kontinuierlich bis zum Endwert ansteigen und daß die Werte für die Klebkraft der ausgehärteten Dispersion höher sind als ohne Zusatz von Abbindeverzögerer.The setting retarders are added to the dispersion in an amount of up to 1% by weight. advantage It is important that the setting time is shortened by the addition of the setting retarder, that the values for the adhesive force rise continuously up to the final value and that the values for the adhesive force of the hardened dispersion are higher than without the addition of the setting retarder.

Hochaktives Magnesiumoxid wird durch Brennen von gefälltem Magnesiumoxid erhalten. as verbessert die Verleimungsfähigkeit der Dispersion und ermöglicht ein Eindringen in sehr dünne Spalten im Gestein. Eine relativ schnelle Aushärtung der mit hochtktivem Magnesiumoxid versetzten Dispersion erfolgt auch an sogenannten kalten Betriebspunkten untertage. Die Abbindezeit wird nicht proportional zum Anteil an zugesetztem hochsktivem Magnesiumoxid herabgesetzt.Highly active magnesium oxide is obtained by burning precipitated magnesium oxide. he improves the gluing ability of the dispersion and enables penetration into very thin gaps in the rock. A relatively quick hardening of the dispersion with highly active magnesium oxide also takes place at so-called cold operating points underground. The setting time is not reduced in proportion to the proportion of highly active magnesium oxide added.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Versuchsergebnissen näher erläutert. Die bei den Versuchen verwendeten Materialien hatten folgende Eigenschaften: Technischer gebrannter Magmssit enthielt bei der chemische Analyse ca. 86,4 Gew.-% Magnesiumoxid; die technisch konzentrierte Magnesiumchloridlösung hatte ein spezifisches Gewicht von 1,334 g/cm3; hochaktives gefällten und gebranntes Magnesiumoxid enthielt 99 Gew.-% MgO; das als Abbindeverzögerer im Versuch benutzte Borax lag in Form von Boraxdekahydrat vor.The invention is explained in more detail on the basis of test results. The materials used in the tests had the following properties: Technical burnt magmite contained about 86.4% by weight of magnesium oxide in the chemical analysis; the technically concentrated magnesium chloride solution had a specific weight of 1.334 g / cm 3 ; highly active precipitated and burned magnesium oxide contained 99% by weight of MgO; the borax used as a retarding agent in the experiment was in the form of borax decahydrate.

Die Abbindezeit entspricht der Zeit bis zum Erreichen der Maximaltemperatur der aushärtenden Dispersion. Die Klebkraft der erhärtenden Dispersion wird als Scherfestigkeit einer Leimfuge zwischen zwei unglasierten Kacheln gemessen.

Figure imgb0001
The setting time corresponds to the time until the maximum temperature of the hardening dispersion is reached. The adhesive strength of the hardening disper sion is measured as the shear strength of a glue joint between two unglazed tiles.
Figure imgb0001

Die Abbindezeit der Dispersion erhöht sich linear mit den Anteil an zugesetztem Borax.

Figure imgb0002
Ein Zusatz eines geringen Anteils von Boraxdekahydrat erhöht die Scherfestigkeit der ausgehärteten Dispersion und verlängert die Abbindezeit geringfügig.The setting time of the dispersion increases linearly with the proportion of borax added.
Figure imgb0002
 The addition of a small proportion of borax decahydrate increases the shear strength of the hardened dispersion and extends the setting time slightly.

Anstelle von konzentrierter technischer Magnesiumchloridlösung können auch Magnesiumchlorid-Flocken analog verwendet werden.Instead of concentrated technical magnesium chloride solution, magnesium chloride flakes can also be used analogously.

Weitere Abbindeverzögerer sind andere borsaure Salze, Phosphate, Fluoride, Sulfate, Permanganate und Molybdate, wobei NaaSO4 (Natriumsulfat), NaB02 (Natriumaetaborat), Na3PO4 · 12H2O (Trinatriumorthophospmat bzw. Natriumphosphat), NaF (Natriumfluorid), KMnO4 (Kaliumpermanganat), (NH4) 10Mo12O41 · 7H2O bzw. (NH4) 6Mo 7O24 · 4H2O (NH4)2 MoO4 (Ammoniummolybdat) eingehend erprobt wurden und sich ebenso wie Borax (Na2B4O7) bzw. Boraxdekahydrat als geeignet erwiesen haben.Other retarders are other boric acid salts, phosphates, fluorides, sulfates, permanganates and molybdates, whereby Na a SO 4 (sodium sulfate), NaB0 2 (sodium aaborate), Na 3 PO 4 · 12H 2 O (trisodium orthophosphate or sodium phosphate), NaF (sodium fluoride ), KMnO 4 (potassium permanganate), (NH 4) Mo 10 12O 41 .7H 2 O or (NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 · 4H 2 O (NH 4) 2 MoO 4 were (ammonium widely tested) and as well as borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ) or borax decahydrate have proven to be suitable.

Claims (14)

1. Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Kohle und/oder Gestein im Bergbau durch Injizieren einer nach ihrem Eindringen erhärtenden Dispersion aus einer Magnesiumchloridlösung, gebrannten Magnesit, hochaktivem Magnesiumoxid, Bentonit und Wasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Anteil von mehr als 2,5 Gew.-% an hochaktivem Magneaiumoxid beigemengt wird und daß zusätzlich ein die Abbisdung verzögernder chemischer Stoff zugesetzt wird.1. A method for solidifying coal and / or rock in mining by injecting a hardening dispersion from a magnesium chloride solution, fired magnesite, highly active magnesium oxide, bentonite and water, characterized in that a proportion of more than 2.5 wt .-% % of highly active Magneaiumoxid is admixed and that in addition a chemical retarding the addition is added. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der chemische Stoff in einer Gewichtsmenge bis zu 1% hinzugefügt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical substance is added in a weight amount up to 1%. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Borat hinzugefügt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a borate is added as a chemical substance. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff Borax hinzugefügt wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that borax is added as a chemical substance. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Natriumsalz einer Phosphorsäure zugesetzt wird.5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sodium salt of a phosphoric acid is added as a chemical substance. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Natriumphosphat hinzugefügt wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that sodium phosphate is added. 7. Verfahren nach einen der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Sulfat hinzugefügt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a sulfate is added as a chemical substance. 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Natriumsulfat (Na2SO4) hinzugefügt wird.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) is added. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Permanganat hinzugefügt wird.9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a permanganate is added as a chemical substance. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Kuliumpermaganat (KMnO4) hinzugefügt wird.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Kuliumpermaganat (KMnO 4 ) is added. 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dudurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Fluorid hinzugefügt wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a fluoride is added as a chemical substance. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Natriumfluorid (NaF) hinzugefügt wird.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that sodium fluoride (NaF) is added. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als chemischer Stoff ein Molybdat hinzugefügt wird.13. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a molybdate is added as a chemical substance. 14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der chemische Stoff wasserlöslich ist und der Magnesiumchloridlösung zugesetzt wird.14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the chemical substance is water-soluble and the magnesium chloride solution is added.
EP19790102934 1978-08-12 1979-08-13 Process for consolidating coal and/or rock in mines Expired EP0008127B1 (en)

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