US20040013884A1 - Wall and floor coverings - Google Patents

Wall and floor coverings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040013884A1
US20040013884A1 US10/619,609 US61960903A US2004013884A1 US 20040013884 A1 US20040013884 A1 US 20040013884A1 US 61960903 A US61960903 A US 61960903A US 2004013884 A1 US2004013884 A1 US 2004013884A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
woven
mat
wall
fibers
floor coverings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/619,609
Inventor
Kurt Plotz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Manville
Original Assignee
Johns Manville International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19935531A external-priority patent/DE19935531C2/en
Priority claimed from DE19935408A external-priority patent/DE19935408B4/en
Priority claimed from DE19950057A external-priority patent/DE19950057B4/en
Priority claimed from DE19952432A external-priority patent/DE19952432B4/en
Priority claimed from DE19955730A external-priority patent/DE19955730C2/en
Priority claimed from DE19955713A external-priority patent/DE19955713C1/en
Application filed by Johns Manville International Inc filed Critical Johns Manville International Inc
Priority to US10/619,609 priority Critical patent/US20040013884A1/en
Publication of US20040013884A1 publication Critical patent/US20040013884A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
    • B32B37/156—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is calendered and immediately laminated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0013—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using multilayer webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0005—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
    • D06N7/006—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by the textile substrate as base web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/02—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form of materials impregnated with sealing substances, e.g. roofing felt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/16—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins, or with an outer layer of fibres or chips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/186—Underlayers covered with a mesh or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B32B2307/736—Shrinkable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
    • Y10T428/249946—Glass fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/24995—Two or more layers
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    • Y10T442/2762—Coated or impregnated natural fiber fabric [e.g., cotton, wool, silk, linen, etc.]
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    • Y10T442/604—Strand or fiber material is glass
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to wall and floor coverings based on a laminate carrier including a fiberglass mat and an organic synthetic non-woven, and to a method of preparing the same.
  • Carriers composed of bonded fabrics are useful in roofing felts and insulation. They are particularly useful in wall and floor coverings of constructions such as residential and commercial structures.
  • a floor and wall covering is described in Patent Document WO 98/17455, wherein the covering is manufactured without the use of a carrier.
  • a plastic material in the form of spherically shaped particles are placed on a substrate, such as a conveyor.
  • a band conveyor made of steel is provided on which the spheres are sintered together.
  • EP 0 132 325 B1 discloses a method for fixing a surface covering on a bottom covering.
  • a glass mat is used as a carrier and it is coated with a PVC material.
  • Patent Document WO 97/19219 A1 discloses a floor covering based on a carrier coated on both sides.
  • European Patent Document EP 0 899 372 A2 simply describes a coated textile glass mat.
  • wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers is provided.
  • the carrier includes a fiberglass containing mat consolidated with a binder, a non-woven made of organic synthetic fibers bounded with the fiberglass containing mat by needling. Part of the organic fibers penetrate through the fiberglass containing mat, and one or more layers coated on a glass fiber side of said carrier, opposite the non-woven synthetic mat.
  • a method for manufacturing wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers includes providing an organic synthetic fiber or chemical fiber non-woven, and a fiberglass containing mat pre-consolidated with a binder.
  • the mat and the non-woven are bounded by needling such that a portion of the organic synthetic fibers penetrate through said fiberglass containing mat and optionally a part of the fibers emerges from the side of synthetic fiber non-woven and lies adjacent thereto.
  • One or more layers are coated on the glass fiber side of the bounded carrier opposite the non-woven organic mat.
  • wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers.
  • the carrier includes a fiberglass containing mat and an organic synthetic fibers non-woven bound by needling in a manner where part of the synthetic fibers may extend through the entire fiberglass mat, and preferably a part of the organic fiber lie adjacent to the side opposed to the non-woven organic non-woven.
  • the laminate e.g., composite
  • the laminate includes one or more layers coated on the same glass fiber side, opposite the non-woven.
  • the synthetic fibers can be staple fiber, but preferably filamentous fibers. These filamentous fibers are also known to those skilled in the art as “endless” fibers.
  • the fibers are preferably organic synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polypropylene, polyamide or any other suitable chemical or synthetic fibers. Bico fibers can also be utilized.
  • the synthetic fibers non-woven can be pre-consolidated before bonding with the fiberglass mat by hydrodynamically, mechanically or thermal means.
  • thermal fixation may be performed.
  • Pre-consolidation can be also performed by a combination of these techniques.
  • the fiberglass mat is produced according to either the a so-called wet, or dry method, wherein fibers of E, C class, mixture thereof and ECR glass are pre-consolidated through the employment of preferably a water insoluble binder.
  • Suitable binders include acrylate copolymerized with vinyl acetate, styrene, etc.
  • Other suitable binders include acrylic, urea-formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde, melamine and urea resins.
  • the diameter of the glass fibers is about 8 to 16 ⁇ m, and preferably about 10 to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the length of the fibers is about 8 to 32 ⁇ m.
  • the weight of the glass mat produced is about 30 to 100 g/m 2 , and preferably about 40 to 70 g/m 2 . It will readily be recognized by the skilled artisan that up to 40 percent of the glass fibers can be substituted by other fibers. In particular, cellulose based fibers, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide, etc.
  • the organic synthetic non-woven of staple fiber can be made on a carding machine, which is well known in the art.
  • the filamentous non-wovens are made by the spunbond method described in DE OS 24 60 755 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • spinning beams or the like are utilized to manufacture the so-called curtains which are laid down on a moving conveyor in a randomly distributed arrangement.
  • the formed synthetic fiber mat is thermally fixed prior to bonding with the fiberglass mat by either calendering or through the utilization of a hot-air oven.
  • the mat is passed through an infra-red path where the mat is exposed to radiation.
  • the thermal shrinking of the non-woven upon formation into a carrier laminate is removed, thereby avoiding a wave formation due to differential shrinkage phenomenon as a result of a subsequent thermal treatment (i.e., coating of the carrier laminate).
  • the synthetic fibers may be shrunk separately, and therefore before a non-woven is produced using these shrunken fibers.
  • the organic fibers are shrunk when they are present in the form of a non-woven or in the form of corresponding layers.
  • the shrinking may take place before a mechanical or hydro-dynamical pre-consolidation.
  • the non-woven is shrunk after a corresponding pre-consolidation.
  • the shrinking is preferably performed by heating in an oven at temperatures of about 140 to 220° C.
  • the organic synthetic fibers non-woven is laid on the pre-consolidated fiberglass containing mat where they are mechanically needled together. Needling can be performed such that the needles penetrate the organic fiber non-woven and press part of the organic fibers through the fiberglass mat in a manner where part of the organic fibers emerge from the fiberglass mat, and optionally are adjacent thereto.
  • the mats are bounded to each other by water beam needling (i.e., hydrodynamically).
  • the needling takes place from the side of the non-woven synthetic, and with an increased water beam pressure.
  • the water beam pressure is in the range of about 100 to 400 bar, and even more preferably about 200 to 400 bar.
  • the two layer system needled together can subsequently be provided with a binder, in order to achieve a final consolidation.
  • a binder In this exemplary embodiment very small amounts of binder are employed. It is preferred that the binder is in a range of about 0 to 25 weight percent, and even more preferably 0 to 10 weight percent.
  • the binder can be selected from the group including pure acrylates, copolymers of styrene, butadiene, acrylates and mixtures of duroplastic binders such as urea and melamine resins.
  • the formed carrier laminate is manufactured with one or more polymeric coatings applied to the fiberglass mat, away from the synthetic non-woven.
  • Polyvinyl-chloride can be employed as a preferred coating.
  • other polymers such as acrylates in the form of a paste, polyolefins contained in different kinds of mixtures and reproductive raw materials like natural resins can be employed.
  • Coating compositions are further described in European Patent Document EP 0 132 325 B1 and Patent Document WO 97/19 219 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the coating may be placed through several techniques, such as the so-called “spread coating” (barber's knife) or the “calender” technique. In both techniques, a viscous polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) is pressed into the glass substrate.
  • PVC polyvinyl-chloride
  • the coating temperature is dependent on the required viscosity for PVC. Typically a temperature of about 185° C. is sufficient in most applications.
  • the temperature required and the choice of coating materials also depends on the type of synthetic fibers. For example, polypropylene non-wovens require a temperature lower than 185° C., while polyester non-wovens can be heated to this temperature.
  • coating layers of different physical characteristics, and in particular hardness, can be placed on the carrier laminate.
  • the coatings can in turn be layers, having a pattern or a colored designs.
  • the outer layer can include embossing on the outer surface, to prevent slipping or other accidents that may occur.
  • the bond between the coatings and carrier is particularly improved where the synthetic fibers penetrate through the fiberglass mat and are adjacent to the underside of the fiberglass. mat which is coated on a side away from the non-woven.
  • the fibers provide an especially improved bond of the covering on the laminated material.
  • the thickness of the floor and wall coverings can be varied by varying the thickness of the individual layers (i.e., the organic fibers non-woven and the fiberglass mat). Further, it is possible to vary the thickness of the final product depending on the application in which it is to be used, by varying the number of coatings and their layers.
  • the wall and floor coverings are manufactured as described-above, no final consolidation with a binder is performed. This process is further described in co-pending application Docket No. 032745-020, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • wall and floor coverings having improved properties may be manufactured in an quick and facile manner, which is economically advantageous.
  • the impact noise attenuation e.g. reduced noise propagation from walking a floor
  • the materials may adapt well to changes of the bottom floor or the wall. For example, thermal expansion of floors and crack formation due to stresses are compensated for, so that fissures do not extend to the surface of the covering.
  • the non-woven layer of synthetic organic fibers provides noise attenuation and improved elasticity.
  • noise propagation from the room in which the noise is generated is reduced, and on the other hand, noise generated in the other rooms are muted in the rooms equipped with floor and wall covering prepared in accordance with the invention. Accordingly, improved insulation within an apartment or apartment building can be provided.
  • the layered laminate carrier manufactured in accordance with the invention reduces the amount of glass fragments and dust produced, thus avoiding injury to the operator and reducing harm to the environment.
  • the formed laminate's thickness can be adjusted through the hydrodynamic needling method, or optionally through a secondary operation such as compression performed by a calender, a fabric-belt or laminate calender.
  • the product manufactured by the process outlined above provides dimensional stability and eliminates neck-down during coating or saturation PVC or other coating materials.
  • a glass staple fiber mat with 13 ⁇ glass fibers having an area weight of 50 g/m 2 was pre-consolidated by a urea resin binder.
  • a 80 g/m 2 polyester non-woven was manufactured using 2 dtex polyester filaments. The non-woven was heat treated and shrunk in an oven. Both layers were put together and hydrodynamically needled. The needling took place from the polyester side of the laminate using water jet pressure of 250 bar.
  • the maximum tensile load of the laminate was 378 N/5 cm at 60 percent elongation in machine direction and 186 N/5 cm at 79 percent in cross direction.

Abstract

The present invention provides wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers. The carrier includes a fiberglass containing mat consolidated with a binder, a non-woven made of organic synthetic fibers bonded with the fiberglass containing mat by needling. Part of the organic fibers penetrate through the fiberglass mat, and one or more layers coated on a glass fiber side of said carrier, opposite the non-woven synthetic mat.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention [0001]
  • This invention relates to wall and floor coverings based on a laminate carrier including a fiberglass mat and an organic synthetic non-woven, and to a method of preparing the same. [0002]
  • 2. Description of the Related Art [0003]
  • Carriers composed of bonded fabrics are useful in roofing felts and insulation. They are particularly useful in wall and floor coverings of constructions such as residential and commercial structures. [0004]
  • A floor and wall covering is described in Patent Document WO 98/17455, wherein the covering is manufactured without the use of a carrier. A plastic material in the form of spherically shaped particles are placed on a substrate, such as a conveyor. A band conveyor made of steel is provided on which the spheres are sintered together. [0005]
  • Various other laminates employed as floor and wall coverings and their method of manufacturing are known in the art. For example, European Patent Document EP 0 132 325 B1 discloses a method for fixing a surface covering on a bottom covering. A glass mat is used as a carrier and it is coated with a PVC material. [0006]
  • Patent Document WO 97/19219 A1 discloses a floor covering based on a carrier coated on both sides. European Patent Document EP 0 899 372 A2 simply describes a coated textile glass mat. [0007]
  • Some of the disadvantages associated with the carrier laminates described above is the mechanical, dimensional and noise attenuation of these composites when they are used as wall or floor coverings. [0008]
  • To meet the requirements of the flooring and insulation industries, it is an object of the invention to provide a wall or flooring carrier laminate based on two or more layers including a fiberglass mat and an organic synthetic fibers non-woven bound by needling. [0009]
  • It is another object of the present invention to provide a wall or floor covering having improved noise attenuation properties, and in particular reduced noise propagation, generated from walking a floor having such a covering. [0010]
  • It is a further object of the present invention to provide wall or floor coverings which are high adaptable to thermal changes and provides crack bridging which may occur. Nevertheless, these coverings provide sufficient elasticity. [0011]
  • It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a wall or floor covering based on a carrier having improved thermal and dimensional stability, wherein the carrier is easily reproduced and provides an increased comfort level (i.e., they are soft). [0012]
  • Other objects and aspects of the invention will become apparent upon review of the specification and claims appended thereto. [0013]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers is provided. The carrier includes a fiberglass containing mat consolidated with a binder, a non-woven made of organic synthetic fibers bounded with the fiberglass containing mat by needling. Part of the organic fibers penetrate through the fiberglass containing mat, and one or more layers coated on a glass fiber side of said carrier, opposite the non-woven synthetic mat. [0014]
  • In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers is provided. The process includes providing an organic synthetic fiber or chemical fiber non-woven, and a fiberglass containing mat pre-consolidated with a binder. The mat and the non-woven are bounded by needling such that a portion of the organic synthetic fibers penetrate through said fiberglass containing mat and optionally a part of the fibers emerges from the side of synthetic fiber non-woven and lies adjacent thereto. One or more layers are coated on the glass fiber side of the bounded carrier opposite the non-woven organic mat. [0015]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention will now be described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers. The carrier includes a fiberglass containing mat and an organic synthetic fibers non-woven bound by needling in a manner where part of the synthetic fibers may extend through the entire fiberglass mat, and preferably a part of the organic fiber lie adjacent to the side opposed to the non-woven organic non-woven. The laminate (e.g., composite) includes one or more layers coated on the same glass fiber side, opposite the non-woven. [0016]
  • The synthetic fibers can be staple fiber, but preferably filamentous fibers. These filamentous fibers are also known to those skilled in the art as “endless” fibers. The fibers are preferably organic synthetic fibers, such as polyester, polypropylene, polyamide or any other suitable chemical or synthetic fibers. Bico fibers can also be utilized. [0017]
  • The synthetic fibers non-woven can be pre-consolidated before bonding with the fiberglass mat by hydrodynamically, mechanically or thermal means. In addition, thermal fixation may be performed. Pre-consolidation can be also performed by a combination of these techniques. [0018]
  • The fiberglass mat is produced according to either the a so-called wet, or dry method, wherein fibers of E, C class, mixture thereof and ECR glass are pre-consolidated through the employment of preferably a water insoluble binder. Suitable binders include acrylate copolymerized with vinyl acetate, styrene, etc. Other suitable binders include acrylic, urea-formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde, melamine and urea resins. The diameter of the glass fibers is about 8 to 16 μm, and preferably about 10 to 13 μm. The length of the fibers is about 8 to 32 μm. The weight of the glass mat produced is about 30 to 100 g/m[0019] 2, and preferably about 40 to 70 g/m2. It will readily be recognized by the skilled artisan that up to 40 percent of the glass fibers can be substituted by other fibers. In particular, cellulose based fibers, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, polyamide, etc.
  • The organic synthetic non-woven of staple fiber can be made on a carding machine, which is well known in the art. Preferably, the filamentous non-wovens are made by the spunbond method described in DE OS 24 60 755 and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Several spinning beams or the like are utilized to manufacture the so-called curtains which are laid down on a moving conveyor in a randomly distributed arrangement. [0020]
  • The formed synthetic fiber mat is thermally fixed prior to bonding with the fiberglass mat by either calendering or through the utilization of a hot-air oven. Optionally, the mat is passed through an infra-red path where the mat is exposed to radiation. In this manner, the thermal shrinking of the non-woven upon formation into a carrier laminate is removed, thereby avoiding a wave formation due to differential shrinkage phenomenon as a result of a subsequent thermal treatment (i.e., coating of the carrier laminate). [0021]
  • The synthetic fibers may be shrunk separately, and therefore before a non-woven is produced using these shrunken fibers. Preferably, the organic fibers are shrunk when they are present in the form of a non-woven or in the form of corresponding layers. The shrinking may take place before a mechanical or hydro-dynamical pre-consolidation. Optionally, the non-woven is shrunk after a corresponding pre-consolidation. The shrinking is preferably performed by heating in an oven at temperatures of about 140 to 220° C. [0022]
  • Upon obtaining the mats, the organic synthetic fibers non-woven is laid on the pre-consolidated fiberglass containing mat where they are mechanically needled together. Needling can be performed such that the needles penetrate the organic fiber non-woven and press part of the organic fibers through the fiberglass mat in a manner where part of the organic fibers emerge from the fiberglass mat, and optionally are adjacent thereto. [0023]
  • Preferably, the mats are bounded to each other by water beam needling (i.e., hydrodynamically). The needling takes place from the side of the non-woven synthetic, and with an increased water beam pressure. Preferably, the water beam pressure is in the range of about 100 to 400 bar, and even more preferably about 200 to 400 bar. Thus, a part of the fibers or filaments are pushed through the glass mats, while reducing the damage to glass and synthetic fibers. This process is further described in detail in co-pending application Atty. Docket No. 032745-019 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0024]
  • The two layer system needled together can subsequently be provided with a binder, in order to achieve a final consolidation. In this exemplary embodiment very small amounts of binder are employed. It is preferred that the binder is in a range of about 0 to 25 weight percent, and even more preferably 0 to 10 weight percent. The binder can be selected from the group including pure acrylates, copolymers of styrene, butadiene, acrylates and mixtures of duroplastic binders such as urea and melamine resins. [0025]
  • Thereafter, the formed carrier laminate is manufactured with one or more polymeric coatings applied to the fiberglass mat, away from the synthetic non-woven. Polyvinyl-chloride can be employed as a preferred coating. However, other polymers such as acrylates in the form of a paste, polyolefins contained in different kinds of mixtures and reproductive raw materials like natural resins can be employed. Coating compositions are further described in European Patent Document EP 0 132 325 B1 and Patent Document WO 97/19 219 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [0026]
  • The coating may be placed through several techniques, such as the so-called “spread coating” (barber's knife) or the “calender” technique. In both techniques, a viscous polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) is pressed into the glass substrate. The coating temperature is dependent on the required viscosity for PVC. Typically a temperature of about 185° C. is sufficient in most applications. [0027]
  • The temperature required and the choice of coating materials also depends on the type of synthetic fibers. For example, polypropylene non-wovens require a temperature lower than 185° C., while polyester non-wovens can be heated to this temperature. [0028]
  • In accordance with the exemplified embodiment, several coating layers of different physical characteristics, and in particular hardness, can be placed on the carrier laminate. The coatings can in turn be layers, having a pattern or a colored designs. In addition, the outer layer can include embossing on the outer surface, to prevent slipping or other accidents that may occur. Naturally, the bond between the coatings and carrier is particularly improved where the synthetic fibers penetrate through the fiberglass mat and are adjacent to the underside of the fiberglass. mat which is coated on a side away from the non-woven. The fibers provide an especially improved bond of the covering on the laminated material. [0029]
  • It will readily be recognized by those skilled in the art that modifications can be performed on the laminate to vary the physical and/or mechanical properties (e.g., hardness) of the wall and floor coverings. For example, the thickness of the floor and wall coverings can be varied by varying the thickness of the individual layers (i.e., the organic fibers non-woven and the fiberglass mat). Further, it is possible to vary the thickness of the final product depending on the application in which it is to be used, by varying the number of coatings and their layers. [0030]
  • In another exemplary embodiment, the wall and floor coverings are manufactured as described-above, no final consolidation with a binder is performed. This process is further described in co-pending application Docket No. 032745-020, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [0031]
  • Thus, in accordance with the invention, wall and floor coverings having improved properties may be manufactured in an quick and facile manner, which is economically advantageous. For instance, the impact noise attenuation (e.g. reduced noise propagation from walking a floor) having such a covering and the bridging of cracks are excellent. The materials may adapt well to changes of the bottom floor or the wall. For example, thermal expansion of floors and crack formation due to stresses are compensated for, so that fissures do not extend to the surface of the covering. [0032]
  • The non-woven layer of synthetic organic fibers provides noise attenuation and improved elasticity. On the one hand, noise propagation from the room in which the noise is generated is reduced, and on the other hand, noise generated in the other rooms are muted in the rooms equipped with floor and wall covering prepared in accordance with the invention. Accordingly, improved insulation within an apartment or apartment building can be provided. [0033]
  • Furthermore, the layered laminate carrier manufactured in accordance with the invention, reduces the amount of glass fragments and dust produced, thus avoiding injury to the operator and reducing harm to the environment. [0034]
  • The formed laminate's thickness can be adjusted through the hydrodynamic needling method, or optionally through a secondary operation such as compression performed by a calender, a fabric-belt or laminate calender. [0035]
  • Furthermore, the product manufactured by the process outlined above provides dimensional stability and eliminates neck-down during coating or saturation PVC or other coating materials. [0036]
  • The invention will be further explained by the example provided below, wherein the carrier in accordance with the invention is manufactured[0037]
    • EXAMPLE
  • A glass staple fiber mat with 13μ glass fibers having an area weight of 50 g/m[0038] 2 was pre-consolidated by a urea resin binder. A 80 g/m2 polyester non-woven was manufactured using 2 dtex polyester filaments. The non-woven was heat treated and shrunk in an oven. Both layers were put together and hydrodynamically needled. The needling took place from the polyester side of the laminate using water jet pressure of 250 bar.
  • The maximum tensile load of the laminate was 378 N/5 cm at 60 percent elongation in machine direction and 186 N/5 cm at 79 percent in cross direction. [0039]
  • While the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made, and equivalents employed, without departing from the scope of the claims that follow. [0040]

Claims (31)

1. Wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers, said carrier comprising:
a fiberglass containing mat consolidated with a binder,
a non-woven made of organic synthetic fibers bounded with said fiberglass mat by needling, wherein part of said organic fibers penetrate through said fiberglass mat; and
one or more layers coated on a glass fiber side of said carrier, opposite the non-woven synthetic mat.
2. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein a part of said organic fibers lie adjacent to a side of said fiberglass containing mat that is opposite to said organic fiber non-woven.
3. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said organic fibers are polypropylene fibers.
4. Wall and floor covering according to claim 1, wherein said organic fibers are polyester fibers.
5. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said organic synthetic fibers mat is a fiber staple mat.
6. Wall and floor coverings according to at least claim 1, wherein said organic synthetic fibers mat is a filamentous non-woven.
7. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said fiberglass containing mat is consolidated with a water insoluble binder.
8. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said water insoluble binder is a acrylate copolymer copolymerized with vinyl acetate or styrene, a melamine resin binder or a urea resin binder.
9. Wall and floor coverings according claim 1, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is pre-consolidated.
10. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 9, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is hydrodynamically or mechanically pre-consolidated.
11. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 9, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is thermally pre-consolidated.
12. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is thermally fixed (shrunken).
13. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said fiberglass mat includes glass fibers of E, C class, mixture thereof and ECR glass.
14. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said carrier is consolidated with an pure acrylates, copolymers of styrene, butadiene, acrylates and mixtures of duroplastic binders such as urea and melamine binder as a final step.
15. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said fiberglass mat and said organic synthetic fibers non-woven are hydrodynamically or mechanically bonded with each other.
16. Wall and floor coverings according to claim 1, wherein said carrier does not include a binder for final consolidation.
17. A method for manufacturing wall and floor coverings based on a carrier coated with one or more layers, comprising:
providing an organic synthetic fibers or chemical non-woven,
providing a fiberglass containing mat pre-consolidated with a binder, and bonding said mat and non-woven by needling in such that a portion of said organic synthetic fibers penetrate through said fiberglass containing mat and optionally a part of the fibers emerges from the side of synthetic fiber non-woven and lies adjacent thereto; and
coating one or more layers of the glass fiber side of said bonded carrier opposite the non-woven organic mat.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said carrier is coated with PVC.
19. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic fibers are polyester fibers.
20. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic synthetic fibers are staple fiber mats.
21. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is a filament non-woven.
22. The method according to claim 17, wherein said glass fiber mat is pre-strengthened by a water insoluble binder.
23. The method according to claim 22 wherein said water insoluble binder is a acrylate copolymer, copolymerized with vinyl acetate or styrene.
24. The method according to claim 22, wherein said insoluble binder is a melamine resin or a urea resin.
25. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is pre-consolidated before bonding with said fiberglass containing mat.
26. The method according to claim 25, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is hydrodynamically or mechanically pre-consolidated.
27. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is thermally pre-consolidated.
28. The method according to claim 17, wherein said organic synthetic fibers non-woven is thermally fixed (shrunk).
29. The method according to claim 17, wherein said fiberglass mat includes E, C class fibers, mixtures thereof and ECR glass.
30. The method according to claim 17, further comprising consolidating said carrier with an acrylate or styrene binder after bonding said fiberglass containing mat with said organic synthetic fibers non-woven.
31. The method according to claim 17, wherein said carrier does not include a binder for final consolidation.
US10/619,609 1999-07-30 2003-07-16 Wall and floor coverings Abandoned US20040013884A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEDE19935531.2 1999-07-30
DE19935531A DE19935531C2 (en) 1999-07-30 1999-07-30 Two-layer laminate
DEDE19935408.1 1999-07-30
DE19935408A DE19935408B4 (en) 1999-07-30 1999-07-30 Multi-layer laminate
DE19950057A DE19950057B4 (en) 1999-10-16 1999-10-16 Two-ply or multi-ply fabrics of polyester filament webs and fiberglass webs or plies
DEDE19950057.6 1999-10-16
DEDE19952432.7 1999-10-30
DE19952432A DE19952432B4 (en) 1999-10-30 1999-10-30 laminate
DE19955730A DE19955730C2 (en) 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Hydrodynamically connected carrier webs and their use
DE19955713A DE19955713C1 (en) 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Two or three layer laminates of synthetic non-woven fabric and woven glass fabric or scrim, for use in bituminized roofing webs and sealing membranes, in which the layers are bonded by needling and consolidated with a binder
DEDE19955730.6 1999-11-18
DEDE19955713.6 1999-11-18
US09/619,529 US6630046B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Method of making wall and floor coverings
US10/619,609 US20040013884A1 (en) 1999-07-30 2003-07-16 Wall and floor coverings

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US09/619,528 Expired - Fee Related US6412154B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Hydrodynamically bounded carrier webs and use thereof
US09/619,535 Expired - Lifetime US7199065B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Non-woven laminate composite
US09/619,531 Active 2024-12-31 US7351673B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Laminates including two or more layers of organic synthetic filament non-wovens and glass fiber webs and scrims
US10/619,609 Abandoned US20040013884A1 (en) 1999-07-30 2003-07-16 Wall and floor coverings

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US09/619,528 Expired - Fee Related US6412154B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Hydrodynamically bounded carrier webs and use thereof
US09/619,535 Expired - Lifetime US7199065B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Non-woven laminate composite
US09/619,531 Active 2024-12-31 US7351673B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-07-19 Laminates including two or more layers of organic synthetic filament non-wovens and glass fiber webs and scrims

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