US20060254171A1 - Wall paneling assembly and system - Google Patents
Wall paneling assembly and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060254171A1 US20060254171A1 US11/489,400 US48940006A US2006254171A1 US 20060254171 A1 US20060254171 A1 US 20060254171A1 US 48940006 A US48940006 A US 48940006A US 2006254171 A1 US2006254171 A1 US 2006254171A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tongue
- panel
- edge
- flange
- panel piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B11/02—Cages, i.e. cars
- B66B11/0226—Constructional features, e.g. walls assembly, decorative panels, comfort equipment, thermal or sound insulation
- B66B11/0253—Fixation of wall panels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
- E04F13/0835—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
- E04F13/0846—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements engaging holes or grooves in the side faces of the covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0864—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of superposed elements which overlap each other and of which the flat outer surface includes an acute angle with the surface to cover
Definitions
- This invention relates to a novel wall paneling system and to a method for its assembly.
- this invention relates to wall panels which are configured to be joined to any number of like-configured panel pieces via a unique interlocking arrangement.
- This invention can be used to create panel assemblies of all types; however, it is especially suitable for use in elevators whose sides are framed. Also, it can be secured directly onto studs without the need for an underlying drywall.
- the present invention is an improvement over known systems because it provides for panels which can be interlockingly joined to one another and to a support structure, including drywall, with relative ease. Moreover, this invention allows a user to remove individual panel and/or disassemble the entire system with a facility that is not possible with known systems.
- a preferred object provides for the paneling of elevators where panel pieces are usually large and installation is labor intensive.
- the present invention overcomes these difficulties by providing panels whose interlocking abilities make it possible for an installer to assemble large panels with a facility and economy which was not heretofore possible.
- the panel pieces of this invention are joined to one another by the unique interlocking engagement of their respective end segments, and they can be secured to any type of support structure as, for example, an existing wall, a wall frame, wall studs or the like. Moreover, the panels may be joined to one another in a horizontal arrangement, a feature which makes them uniquely suitable for installing wall panels in an elevator.
- the panels of this invention are equipped with opposing end segments which matingly engage the like-configured segments of an adjacent panel piece.
- Each panel piece is comprised of a front side, a rear side and opposing edge faces which interlockingly engage the edge faces of a like-configured panel.
- an edge face is formed to include an elongate projection or tongue and an opposing edge face is formed to contain an elongate recess or groove.
- the depth of the recess be of such dimension as to exceed the length of the projection.
- the panel pairs will combine in such manner that the projection end of the panel does not come into contact with the recessed base of the adjoining panel, and there is formed instead (between the projection end and recessed base) an elongate space which extends inwardly from the respective ends of each opposing side face.
- This elongate space is sometimes referred to hereinafter as an accent line.
- a point of novelty in this invention lies in the configuration of each panel's opposing edge face. These edge faces are configured to matchingly engage the edge faces of like-configured panels so that they can be joined to one another to create a panel system.
- a paneled system can be disassemble by simply withdrawing the panel pieces one from the other.
- each panel is a tongue and groove
- adjacent panels are joined to one another by bringing into engagement the tongue of one panel with the groove of an adjacent panel.
- the groove be greater in depth than the length of the tongue so that the joining of one panel to another will result in an elongate space or accent line where the panel pieces engage one another.
- the tongue and groove configuration may appear on a panel piece as one pair only, that is, on opposing sides of a panel or, alternatively, they may exist in tandem, that is, opposite one another, on all four sides of the panel piece.
- An illustration of this tandem arrangement is illustrated in the drawings in FIG. 10 .
- the panel piece is characterized by a single tongue on one edge and a single groove on the opposing edge.
- the panel piece is also comprised of a front side, a rear side and a pair of opposing edge faces for interlockingly engaging the edge faces of a like-configured panel; one edge face being a tongue, and the second edge face being a groove which is defined by a rear leg, a front leg and a base member, with the proviso that the rear leg be greater in length than the front leg.
- the tongue and groove have predetermined lengths and depths such that the depth of the groove is greater than the length of the tongue, as a result of which, in their assembled mode, a space is formed in situ between the tongue end and the base of the groove.
- Still another embodiment provides for a panel piece in which the opposing edge faces are characterized by beveled recesses which are intended for matching engagement with the beveled faces of a second panel piece.
- the panel is also comprised of a front side and a rear side; however, the two opposing edge faces are formed with beveled edges, one edge face being formed with beveled recess which extends from one side of the panel piece to the other; this recess being defined by a projecting first flange whose outer wall is coextensive with the rear side of the panel piece.
- a second opposing edge face also contains a beveled recess which matches the beveled recess of the first edge face; this recess is defined by a projecting flange, the length of which is greater than that of the first flange so that in joining together two panel pieces, there is formed between the adjoining panels an elongate space or accent line.
- This invention resides in the elimination of that cantilever force effect, which is associated with known panel systems.
- This cantilever effect results when the tongue end of one panel comes into contact with the base of the groove in an adjoining panel.
- the present invention eliminates this cantilever effect by transferring the exerted force onto the rear leg and shoulder of the adjoining panel pieces. The result is a shear force which distributes itself evenly onto the abutting portions of the joined panels and, also, onto the fastening means employed. As a result, the integrity of the panels is enhanced, and they are less likely to fracture.
- the assembled panels are not rigidly held, and instead, they are flexible and have the ability to shift slightly and thus avoid splitting.
- the panel pieces of this invention are attached to a support structure by screw means, they are removable and can be easily replaced.
- FIG. 1 is perspective view showing the paneling assembly of this invention installed in an elevator (in phantom);
- FIG. 2 is fragmentary isometric view of two unassembled panel pieces, one of which is secured to a support structure;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional assembled side view of the panel pieces shown in FIG. 2 taken along line 3 - 3 ;
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a top panel piece shown with fastening devices in various stages of engagement
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the top panel piece of FIG. 4 taken along line 5 - 5 ;
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a bottom panel piece shown with fastening devices in various stages of engagement
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the bottom panel of FIG. 6 taken along line 7 - 7 ;
- FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a panel piece equipped with a Z-clip fastening device
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the panel piece and Z-clip device of FIG. 8 taken along line 9 - 9 ;
- FIG. 10 is a partial isometric view of a panel piece being inserted into a panel assembly
- FIG. 11 is a fragmentary isometric view of two unassembled panel pieces in which the opposing edge faces are beveled.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional assembled side view of FIG. 11 taken along line 12 - 12 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wall paneling assembly 10 in accordance with this invention.
- a plurality of panel pieces are provided, each having four edges, the top edge of which includes a groove and the bottom edge an accommodating tongue.
- This tongue and groove arrangement and the assembly of the individual panel pieces is discussed hereinbelow in detail, and it is further illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 and FIGS. 10-13 .
- a typical top molding piece 4 includes a tongue that is inserted into the groove of a topmost panel 2 ( FIG. 1 ).
- a bottom molding piece 6 having a flat surface and equipped with an accommodating groove can be used as a base member and fitted into the tongue of a bottom panel 8 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the panel pieces of each wall terminate at their respective corners some small distance from one another, and they form that space which is shown as 12 in FIG. 1 .
- the object of space 12 is to make allowance for any shifting or movement in the support structure. Moreover, it has been found in practice that installation is facilitated when adjoining walls are not so closely fitted as to abut against one another.
- the panels of this invention exhibit those accent lines which are shown as 14 in FIG. 1 , and they are registry with the accent lines of adjacent panel pieces; however, this is an optional feature, and in practice, the accent lines 14 can be made virtually invisible by bringing the panel pieces into abutting contact.
- the panel pieces of this invention may be mounted onto any suitably secure structure, solid or framed.
- Typical of such structures are, for example, stationary walls, elevator walls or the like.
- the panel pieces may be attached to the framework of a stationary wall, an elevator wall or the like, or the panel pieces can be attached to wall studs.
- the panel pieces may also be used as a cover to hide gaps in a wall. It will be appreciated, therefore, that the paneling assembly of this invention is not limited to any particular form of wall structure.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate that embodiment in which assembly is achieved by inserting the elongate projection or tongue 20 of one panel 18 into the elongate recess or groove 22 of a like panel 16 .
- a typical panel piece consists essentially of a front side 24 , a rear side 26 and two accommodating edge faces which can be interlockingly joined to a like panel.
- One edge face is in the form of an elongated projection or tongue 20 which extends longitudinally from the rear side 26 of the panel piece 16 so that the rear wall of the tongue is coextensive with the rear wall of the panel 16 .
- the opposing panel edge is an elongated recess or groove 22 defined by a rear leg 28 , front leg 30 and the recessed base member shown as 32 in FIG. 2 .
- the rear side of leg 28 is also coextensive with the rear wall of the panel piece 16 , and its dimensions are such that the length of the rear leg 28 is greater than that of leg 30 .
- assembly is achieved by securing a first panel to a wall or similar support structure and mating it to a second panel piece, and this process is repeated with any desired number of panel pieces.
- Typical of those fastening means which may be employed include, for example, nails, clips, rivets, staples or adhesives and the like.
- the panel pieces are placed one atop the other and secured to a wall by screws which are inserted through preformed apertures. Once this has been done, a second panel piece 18 is laid against the first, and its tongue is snugly inserted into the mating recess or groove 22 of the first panel piece 16 .
- the tongue is neatly received by the groove, but it is significant to note that the only interface which occurs is a mating of flange 36 with shoulder 38 and the engagement of the two panels' respective sidewalls, that is, the sidewall 56 of tongue 20 and the front sidewall of recess 22 .
- the depth of recess 22 is greater than the length of tongue 20 and no contact occurs between the terminal ends of their respective edge faces. Instead, the base of the tongue 42 and the base of the groove 32 are separated from one another by that area or space which is shown as 44 in FIG. 3 .
- the space 44 is significant because it serves to separate the tongue end of one panel from the groove base of a matching panel and, thus, avoids that cantilever force which is associated with prior art paneling systems, that is, the force which results when the tongue end of one panel comes into abutting contact with the groove base of an adjoining panel.
- the assembled panels rely for their support on the contact between flange 36 of panel 16 and shoulder 38 of panels 18 . This contact and the shear force absorbed by the mounting screws 34 virtually eliminates the cantilever force effect associated with existing panel structures.
- the present invention also affords an improvement in aesthetics and design. This is seen when two panels are joined together in the manner described hereinabove, that is, one atop the other, in which event their adjoining front faces form an elongate space which, in the completed assembly, gives the appearance of an accent line 14 .
- This accent line can also be enhanced by using contrasting color schemes as, for example, by coloring the panel surfaces with light hues and using darker tones or the color black to highlight those elongate areas which form the accent line 14 .
- each panel ( FIG. 2 ) be of such dimension as to exceed that of tongue 20 and that the distance which is defined by the underside of flange 36 and the terminal end 46 of tongue 42 ( FIG. 2 ). This parameter is shown as “d” in FIG. 2 .
- the rear leg 28 also serves as the mounting means for securing the panel pieces to a wall or other support structure. According, the rear leg must provide sufficient surface area for forming apertures to accommodate mounting screws or nails or the like.
- top molding piece 48 fitted into tongue 50 of an accommodating panel as a finishing piece. This is an optional feature, but if omitted, the screws 34 would, under normal conditions, be hidden from view by the front leg of the top panel piece 18 .
- FIG. 3 Also shown in FIG. 3 is a flat edged bottom panel 52 which is installed as a finishing piece so as to bring the bottom panels into registry with the floor surface.
- a panel having a flat bottom edge 52 is placed on the floor of the room which is being paneled adjacent to the wall 54 ( FIG. 3 ), and a screw 34 is driven through a screw hole (not shown in FIG. 3 ) of the rear leg of the panel piece.
- the panel pieces which are being attached to a wall are positioned in such manner that the screw holes are in registry with the frame or studs in the wall structure.
- a second panel piece shown in FIG. 3 as item 16 , is attached to the bottom panel piece 52 by fitting the tongue 26 of the latter into the groove 24 of the former, and this attachment means is repeated for all subsequent panel pieces until the room if fully paneled. Thereafter, a molding piece 48 is attached to the topmost panel 18 by inserting the tongue 50 of said molding into the groove of the panel.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative means for securing the panel pieces to a support structure.
- the topmost panel piece 60 is secured to a wall 62 by the use of clips 64 .
- the top panel piece 60 is defined by a flat surface 66 into which has been formed slotted openings 68 for receiving the hook ends 70 of the clip which is to be inserted. Also included in the clip 64 is an elongated slot 72 through which a screw 74 can be driven for mounting the clip and panel to a wall 62 .
- the rear side of panel 60 also includes a recess 72 for receiving the clip 64 .
- This recess 72 allows the top panel piece 60 to lay flush against the wall 62 .
- each panel piece may vary depending on the size and weight of the panel.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the use of clips 80 for attaching a bottom panel piece 82 to a wall 84 .
- the clip 80 contains a plurality of screw holes 86 and 88 .
- the bottom surface 90 of the panel 82 is flat and includes slotted openings 92 and 94 for receiving the hook ends 96 of the clip 80 .
- the clip 80 is secured to the wall by means of screws 98 and 100 which are inserted through the screw holes 86 and 88 . Thereafter, the bottom panel piece 82 is inserted into the clip 80 , and the hook member 96 of the clip 80 is inserted into the slotted opening 94 .
- the bottom panel piece 82 is in close proximity to the floor 102 as so to make allowance for clip 80 .
- the rear side of the panel 82 includes a recess 104 into which the projection of the clip 80 may be fitted. The recess 104 allows the panel to lay flush against the wall 84 when placed over the clips 80 .
- mirror clips 80 Although two mirror clips 80 are shown in this embodiment, the number of clips may vary depending on the size and weight of the panel piece 82 .
- FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the use of a Z clip 110 for attaching a top panel piece 112 to a wall 114 .
- This Z clip 110 is attached to the panel piece 112 with the open end of the Z clip 110 facing downwards.
- a second z clip 116 is attached to the wall 114 with its open end facing upwards.
- These Z clips 110 and 116 are attached to the panel piece 112 and the wall 114 by screw means 118 .
- the open end of Z clip 110 is mated to the open end of Z clip 116 .
- a recess 120 is formed into the rear side of the panel piece 112 so that it may accommodate the Z clip, and at the same time, lay flush against the wall 114 .
- the number of clips 116 employed will vary depending on the size and weight of the panel piece 90 .
- FIG. 10 shows a panel piece 130 containing two tongues 132 and two grooves 134 located on the top and left edge of the panel piece.
- the grooves 134 each contain a rear leg 136 and a front leg 138 .
- the tongues 132 are located on adjacent edges of the same panel piece 130
- the grooves 134 are located on the adjacent edges of the same panel piece 130 opposite the edges containing the tongues 132 . It is to be understood that such an arrangement is exemplary, and the number and placement of the tongue/groove combinations is discretionary.
- the panel pieces 130 in this embodiment provides for the tongue and groove attachment of panel pieces in a horizontal as well as vertical arrangement so that a wall which is much larger than the individual panel pieces may be covered.
- the tongues 132 are inserted into the grooves 134 of previously assembled panel pieces 130 , and screws 140 are threaded into accommodating screw holes 142 in the rear leg 136 of the panel piece 130 . Thereafter, the tongues 132 of additional panel pieces can be inserted into the screwed-in grooves 134 of the previously attached panel pieces.
- panel pieces 130 While the size of the panel pieces 130 is discretionary, a wall paneling assembly that utilizes both horizontal and vertical tongue and groove members will usually employ panels 130 whose length is greater than their height.
- Another embodiment of this invention provides for a panel piece whose opposing edge faces are beveled to accommodate the matching edge face of a like-configured panel.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 When such a panel is mated with the face of a second like-configured panel, their respective beveled recesses fit neatly one into the other and a mating of the panel pieces is achieved.
- This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 .
- the panel piece 150 is defined by a front side 152 , a rear side 154 and an edge face having a beveled recess 156 .
- the beveled recess 156 of this edge face extends from one side of the panel piece to the other, and it is defined by a projecting flange 158 whose outer wall is coextensive with the front side 152 of the panel piece 150 .
- the mating of one panel piece to another is achieved by mating the beveled recess of panel piece 150 with the beveled recess of a second panel piece 160 .
- the edge face of this second panel matches the beveled recess formed in the edge face of the first panel piece 150 , and it is defined by a projecting flange 162 whose outer wall is coextensive with the rear side of the panel piece.
- This projecting flange 162 is greater in height than that of flange 158 so that when the respective recesses of both panel pieces are assembled ( FIG. 12 ), an elongate space is formed between the end member of flange 158 and the shoulder 166 of panel 160 .
- This elongate space is an accent line, and it also has the salutary effect of eliminating that cantilever force which is associated with known panel assemblies. Instead of a cantilever force, the adjoined panel pieces fit neatly at their beveled recess faces and this match converts the cantilever effect into a shear force which is distributed evenly over the full extent of the opposing edge faces.
- the panel pieces of the wall paneling assembly contain a covering.
- This covering may be plastic laminate, glass, stone, sheet metal, stainless steel, brass, paint, marble, veneer or a solid surface material such as Corian®.
- the actual panel pieces can be derived from any source, the preferred materials are plywood, flakeboard and foam.
- the rear of the panel pieces is laminated with a backer sheet.
- Any wall may be paneled by the wall paneling assembly and system of the current invention.
- the wall may be solid, such as plasterboard, or it may be a frame, studs or some combination thereof or the like.
Abstract
A wall panel assembly and panel pieces therefore are disclosed. The panel pieces have edges with tongues having interengageable angularly oriented surfaces arranged toward the rear side of the panels. When the edges of adjacent panels are engaged to form a wall panel assembly, a tongue on one panel is captured in overlying relation with a tongue on the adjacent panel. Arrangement of the tongues toward the rear side of the panels permits vertical loads on the panels to be carried by shear forces in the fasteners attaching the panel pieces to a structure, increasing the dynamic load that the panel pieces can withstand without failure. The panel pieces are advantageous for use in moving structures such as elevator cabs.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/490,268, filed Jan. 24, 2000, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/235,620, filed Jan. 22, 1999, now abandoned.
- This invention relates to a novel wall paneling system and to a method for its assembly.
- More particularly, this invention relates to wall panels which are configured to be joined to any number of like-configured panel pieces via a unique interlocking arrangement.
- This invention can be used to create panel assemblies of all types; however, it is especially suitable for use in elevators whose sides are framed. Also, it can be secured directly onto studs without the need for an underlying drywall.
- There are several known systems for creating wall panel assemblies in homes, offices and elevators.
- Systems which are most commonly used in elevators include, for example:
-
- (1) panels secured to a support structure by the use of Z-clips;
- (2) panels which are adhesively secured to a wall, including walls fabricated from extruded aluminum supports; and
- (3) panels which employ an extruded spline-type fastening system.
- Walls constructed with permanence as, for example, walls in homes and buildings, usually employ a drywall secured to studs. Once the drywall has been put in place, paneling, plaster or other coverings such as paint may be used to enhance its appearance.
- The present invention is an improvement over known systems because it provides for panels which can be interlockingly joined to one another and to a support structure, including drywall, with relative ease. Moreover, this invention allows a user to remove individual panel and/or disassemble the entire system with a facility that is not possible with known systems.
- It is an object of this invention to provide panel pieces which can be interlockingly joined to one another so as to create a paneling system which is convenient, secure and easily disassembled.
- A preferred object provides for the paneling of elevators where panel pieces are usually large and installation is labor intensive. The present invention overcomes these difficulties by providing panels whose interlocking abilities make it possible for an installer to assemble large panels with a facility and economy which was not heretofore possible.
- The panel pieces of this invention are joined to one another by the unique interlocking engagement of their respective end segments, and they can be secured to any type of support structure as, for example, an existing wall, a wall frame, wall studs or the like. Moreover, the panels may be joined to one another in a horizontal arrangement, a feature which makes them uniquely suitable for installing wall panels in an elevator.
- In its broadest aspects, the panels of this invention are equipped with opposing end segments which matingly engage the like-configured segments of an adjacent panel piece. Each panel piece is comprised of a front side, a rear side and opposing edge faces which interlockingly engage the edge faces of a like-configured panel. In this embodiment, an edge face is formed to include an elongate projection or tongue and an opposing edge face is formed to contain an elongate recess or groove.
- Moreover, it is a feature of this invention that the depth of the recess be of such dimension as to exceed the length of the projection.
- As a result, the panel pairs will combine in such manner that the projection end of the panel does not come into contact with the recessed base of the adjoining panel, and there is formed instead (between the projection end and recessed base) an elongate space which extends inwardly from the respective ends of each opposing side face. This elongate space is sometimes referred to hereinafter as an accent line.
- Accordingly, it will be seen that a point of novelty in this invention lies in the configuration of each panel's opposing edge face. These edge faces are configured to matchingly engage the edge faces of like-configured panels so that they can be joined to one another to create a panel system.
- Conversely, a paneled system can be disassemble by simply withdrawing the panel pieces one from the other.
- According to one embodiment of this invention, the opposing faces of each panel are a tongue and groove, and adjacent panels are joined to one another by bringing into engagement the tongue of one panel with the groove of an adjacent panel.
- In this tongue and groove arrangement, it is essential that the groove be greater in depth than the length of the tongue so that the joining of one panel to another will result in an elongate space or accent line where the panel pieces engage one another.
- In this assembly, the tongue and groove configuration may appear on a panel piece as one pair only, that is, on opposing sides of a panel or, alternatively, they may exist in tandem, that is, opposite one another, on all four sides of the panel piece. An illustration of this tandem arrangement is illustrated in the drawings in
FIG. 10 . - Another embodiment provides for a panel assembly in which the panel piece is characterized by a single tongue on one edge and a single groove on the opposing edge. In this embodiment, the panel piece is also comprised of a front side, a rear side and a pair of opposing edge faces for interlockingly engaging the edge faces of a like-configured panel; one edge face being a tongue, and the second edge face being a groove which is defined by a rear leg, a front leg and a base member, with the proviso that the rear leg be greater in length than the front leg.
- The tongue and groove have predetermined lengths and depths such that the depth of the groove is greater than the length of the tongue, as a result of which, in their assembled mode, a space is formed in situ between the tongue end and the base of the groove.
- Still another embodiment provides for a panel piece in which the opposing edge faces are characterized by beveled recesses which are intended for matching engagement with the beveled faces of a second panel piece.
- In this arrangement, the panel is also comprised of a front side and a rear side; however, the two opposing edge faces are formed with beveled edges, one edge face being formed with beveled recess which extends from one side of the panel piece to the other; this recess being defined by a projecting first flange whose outer wall is coextensive with the rear side of the panel piece.
- A second opposing edge face also contains a beveled recess which matches the beveled recess of the first edge face; this recess is defined by a projecting flange, the length of which is greater than that of the first flange so that in joining together two panel pieces, there is formed between the adjoining panels an elongate space or accent line.
- The virtue of this invention resides in the elimination of that cantilever force effect, which is associated with known panel systems. This cantilever effect results when the tongue end of one panel comes into contact with the base of the groove in an adjoining panel. The present invention eliminates this cantilever effect by transferring the exerted force onto the rear leg and shoulder of the adjoining panel pieces. The result is a shear force which distributes itself evenly onto the abutting portions of the joined panels and, also, onto the fastening means employed. As a result, the integrity of the panels is enhanced, and they are less likely to fracture.
- Also, in this arrangement, the assembled panels are not rigidly held, and instead, they are flexible and have the ability to shift slightly and thus avoid splitting. Moreover, when the panel pieces of this invention are attached to a support structure by screw means, they are removable and can be easily replaced.
-
FIG. 1 is perspective view showing the paneling assembly of this invention installed in an elevator (in phantom); -
FIG. 2 is fragmentary isometric view of two unassembled panel pieces, one of which is secured to a support structure; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional assembled side view of the panel pieces shown inFIG. 2 taken along line 3-3; -
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a top panel piece shown with fastening devices in various stages of engagement; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the top panel piece ofFIG. 4 taken along line 5-5; -
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a bottom panel piece shown with fastening devices in various stages of engagement; -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the bottom panel ofFIG. 6 taken along line 7-7; -
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a panel piece equipped with a Z-clip fastening device; -
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the panel piece and Z-clip device ofFIG. 8 taken along line 9-9; -
FIG. 10 is a partial isometric view of a panel piece being inserted into a panel assembly; -
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary isometric view of two unassembled panel pieces in which the opposing edge faces are beveled; and -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional assembled side view ofFIG. 11 taken along line 12-12. -
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplarywall paneling assembly 10 in accordance with this invention. As shown, a plurality of panel pieces are provided, each having four edges, the top edge of which includes a groove and the bottom edge an accommodating tongue. This tongue and groove arrangement and the assembly of the individual panel pieces is discussed hereinbelow in detail, and it is further illustrated inFIGS. 1-3 andFIGS. 10-13 . - Included in the wall paneling system of
FIG. 1 are molding pieces which can be added to the assembled panels as a finishing touch to enhance the visual effect. A typicaltop molding piece 4 includes a tongue that is inserted into the groove of a topmost panel 2 (FIG. 1 ). - In the same manner, a
bottom molding piece 6 having a flat surface and equipped with an accommodating groove can be used as a base member and fitted into the tongue of a bottom panel 8 (FIG. 1 ). - In this
assembly 10, the panel pieces of each wall terminate at their respective corners some small distance from one another, and they form that space which is shown as 12 inFIG. 1 . The object ofspace 12 is to make allowance for any shifting or movement in the support structure. Moreover, it has been found in practice that installation is facilitated when adjoining walls are not so closely fitted as to abut against one another. - In their assembled mode, the panels of this invention exhibit those accent lines which are shown as 14 in
FIG. 1 , and they are registry with the accent lines of adjacent panel pieces; however, this is an optional feature, and in practice, the accent lines 14 can be made virtually invisible by bringing the panel pieces into abutting contact. - The panel pieces of this invention may be mounted onto any suitably secure structure, solid or framed. Typical of such structures are, for example, stationary walls, elevator walls or the like.
- In addition, the panel pieces may be attached to the framework of a stationary wall, an elevator wall or the like, or the panel pieces can be attached to wall studs. The panel pieces may also be used as a cover to hide gaps in a wall. It will be appreciated, therefore, that the paneling assembly of this invention is not limited to any particular form of wall structure.
-
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate that embodiment in which assembly is achieved by inserting the elongate projection ortongue 20 of onepanel 18 into the elongate recess or groove 22 of alike panel 16. As shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 , a typical panel piece consists essentially of afront side 24, arear side 26 and two accommodating edge faces which can be interlockingly joined to a like panel. - One edge face is in the form of an elongated projection or
tongue 20 which extends longitudinally from therear side 26 of thepanel piece 16 so that the rear wall of the tongue is coextensive with the rear wall of thepanel 16. the opposing panel edge is an elongated recess or groove 22 defined by arear leg 28,front leg 30 and the recessed base member shown as 32 inFIG. 2 . The rear side ofleg 28 is also coextensive with the rear wall of thepanel piece 16, and its dimensions are such that the length of therear leg 28 is greater than that ofleg 30. - In general, assembly is achieved by securing a first panel to a wall or similar support structure and mating it to a second panel piece, and this process is repeated with any desired number of panel pieces.
- The installation of a typical paneled assembly is described with particularity hereinbelow by making reference to a wall as the support structure. Also, screws are described as the fastening means; however, the reference to a “wall” and “screw means” is for illustration only, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that any suitable support and any suitable fastening means may be substituted therefor without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.
- Typical of those fastening means which may be employed include, for example, nails, clips, rivets, staples or adhesives and the like.
- In practice, in a typical installation, the panel pieces are placed one atop the other and secured to a wall by screws which are inserted through preformed apertures. Once this has been done, a
second panel piece 18 is laid against the first, and its tongue is snugly inserted into the mating recess or groove 22 of thefirst panel piece 16. - The tongue is neatly received by the groove, but it is significant to note that the only interface which occurs is a mating of
flange 36 withshoulder 38 and the engagement of the two panels' respective sidewalls, that is, thesidewall 56 oftongue 20 and the front sidewall ofrecess 22. - Equally significant is the fact that the depth of
recess 22 is greater than the length oftongue 20 and no contact occurs between the terminal ends of their respective edge faces. Instead, the base of thetongue 42 and the base of thegroove 32 are separated from one another by that area or space which is shown as 44 inFIG. 3 . - The
space 44 is significant because it serves to separate the tongue end of one panel from the groove base of a matching panel and, thus, avoids that cantilever force which is associated with prior art paneling systems, that is, the force which results when the tongue end of one panel comes into abutting contact with the groove base of an adjoining panel. In the present invention, the assembled panels rely for their support on the contact betweenflange 36 ofpanel 16 andshoulder 38 ofpanels 18. This contact and the shear force absorbed by the mountingscrews 34 virtually eliminates the cantilever force effect associated with existing panel structures. - In addition to improving on existing panel systems, the present invention also affords an improvement in aesthetics and design. This is seen when two panels are joined together in the manner described hereinabove, that is, one atop the other, in which event their adjoining front faces form an elongate space which, in the completed assembly, gives the appearance of an
accent line 14. This accent line can also be enhanced by using contrasting color schemes as, for example, by coloring the panel surfaces with light hues and using darker tones or the color black to highlight those elongate areas which form theaccent line 14. - Although size is not important, it is critical to this invention that the
rear leg 28 of each panel (FIG. 2 ) be of such dimension as to exceed that oftongue 20 and that the distance which is defined by the underside offlange 36 and theterminal end 46 of tongue 42 (FIG. 2 ). This parameter is shown as “d” inFIG. 2 . - The
rear leg 28 also serves as the mounting means for securing the panel pieces to a wall or other support structure. According, the rear leg must provide sufficient surface area for forming apertures to accommodate mounting screws or nails or the like. - If screws or nails are employed, their heads are conveniently covered by the
tongue 20 of an adjoining panel piece as shown inFIG. 3 . - Also shown in
FIG. 3 , is atop molding piece 48 fitted intotongue 50 of an accommodating panel as a finishing piece. This is an optional feature, but if omitted, thescrews 34 would, under normal conditions, be hidden from view by the front leg of thetop panel piece 18. - Also shown in
FIG. 3 is a flat edgedbottom panel 52 which is installed as a finishing piece so as to bring the bottom panels into registry with the floor surface. - The following two paragraphs describe a typical embodiment for installing the paneling assembly of this invention into a wall.
- A panel having a
flat bottom edge 52 is placed on the floor of the room which is being paneled adjacent to the wall 54 (FIG. 3 ), and ascrew 34 is driven through a screw hole (not shown inFIG. 3 ) of the rear leg of the panel piece. The panel pieces which are being attached to a wall are positioned in such manner that the screw holes are in registry with the frame or studs in the wall structure. - A second panel piece, shown in
FIG. 3 asitem 16, is attached to thebottom panel piece 52 by fitting thetongue 26 of the latter into thegroove 24 of the former, and this attachment means is repeated for all subsequent panel pieces until the room if fully paneled. Thereafter, amolding piece 48 is attached to thetopmost panel 18 by inserting thetongue 50 of said molding into the groove of the panel. -
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative means for securing the panel pieces to a support structure. In this embodiment, thetopmost panel piece 60 is secured to a wall 62 by the use ofclips 64. - As illustrated in
FIG. 4 , thetop panel piece 60 is defined by aflat surface 66 into which has been formed slottedopenings 68 for receiving the hook ends 70 of the clip which is to be inserted. Also included in theclip 64 is anelongated slot 72 through which ascrew 74 can be driven for mounting the clip and panel to a wall 62. - As shown in
FIG. 5 , the rear side ofpanel 60 also includes arecess 72 for receiving theclip 64. Thisrecess 72 allows thetop panel piece 60 to lay flush against the wall 62. - Although two clips are shown in
FIG. 5 , the number used for each panel piece may vary depending on the size and weight of the panel. -
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the use ofclips 80 for attaching abottom panel piece 82 to awall 84. In this embodiment, theclip 80 contains a plurality of screw holes 86 and 88. Thebottom surface 90 of thepanel 82 is flat and includes slottedopenings clip 80. In practice, theclip 80 is secured to the wall by means ofscrews bottom panel piece 82 is inserted into theclip 80, and thehook member 96 of theclip 80 is inserted into the slottedopening 94. - In this embodiment, the
bottom panel piece 82 is in close proximity to thefloor 102 as so to make allowance forclip 80. Also, the rear side of thepanel 82 includes arecess 104 into which the projection of theclip 80 may be fitted. Therecess 104 allows the panel to lay flush against thewall 84 when placed over theclips 80. - Although two
mirror clips 80 are shown in this embodiment, the number of clips may vary depending on the size and weight of thepanel piece 82. -
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the use of aZ clip 110 for attaching atop panel piece 112 to awall 114. ThisZ clip 110 is attached to thepanel piece 112 with the open end of theZ clip 110 facing downwards. Asecond z clip 116 is attached to thewall 114 with its open end facing upwards. These Z clips 110 and 116 are attached to thepanel piece 112 and thewall 114 by screw means 118. - To achieve assembly, the open end of
Z clip 110 is mated to the open end ofZ clip 116. Also, in this assembly, it is to be noted that arecess 120 is formed into the rear side of thepanel piece 112 so that it may accommodate the Z clip, and at the same time, lay flush against thewall 114. Again, the number ofclips 116 employed will vary depending on the size and weight of thepanel piece 90. - Another embodiment of this invention is illustrated in
FIG. 10 , which shows apanel piece 130 containing twotongues 132 and twogrooves 134 located on the top and left edge of the panel piece. Thegrooves 134 each contain arear leg 136 and afront leg 138. Thetongues 132 are located on adjacent edges of thesame panel piece 130, and thegrooves 134 are located on the adjacent edges of thesame panel piece 130 opposite the edges containing thetongues 132. It is to be understood that such an arrangement is exemplary, and the number and placement of the tongue/groove combinations is discretionary. - The
panel pieces 130 in this embodiment provides for the tongue and groove attachment of panel pieces in a horizontal as well as vertical arrangement so that a wall which is much larger than the individual panel pieces may be covered. In its assembly, thetongues 132 are inserted into thegrooves 134 of previously assembledpanel pieces 130, and screws 140 are threaded into accommodating screw holes 142 in therear leg 136 of thepanel piece 130. Thereafter, thetongues 132 of additional panel pieces can be inserted into the screwed-ingrooves 134 of the previously attached panel pieces. - While the size of the
panel pieces 130 is discretionary, a wall paneling assembly that utilizes both horizontal and vertical tongue and groove members will usually employpanels 130 whose length is greater than their height. - Another embodiment of this invention provides for a panel piece whose opposing edge faces are beveled to accommodate the matching edge face of a like-configured panel.
- When such a panel is mated with the face of a second like-configured panel, their respective beveled recesses fit neatly one into the other and a mating of the panel pieces is achieved. This embodiment is illustrated in
FIGS. 11 and 12 . - As shown in
FIGS. 11 and 12 , thepanel piece 150 is defined by afront side 152, arear side 154 and an edge face having abeveled recess 156. Thebeveled recess 156 of this edge face extends from one side of the panel piece to the other, and it is defined by a projectingflange 158 whose outer wall is coextensive with thefront side 152 of thepanel piece 150. - The mating of one panel piece to another is achieved by mating the beveled recess of
panel piece 150 with the beveled recess of asecond panel piece 160. The edge face of this second panel matches the beveled recess formed in the edge face of thefirst panel piece 150, and it is defined by a projectingflange 162 whose outer wall is coextensive with the rear side of the panel piece. This projectingflange 162 is greater in height than that offlange 158 so that when the respective recesses of both panel pieces are assembled (FIG. 12 ), an elongate space is formed between the end member offlange 158 and theshoulder 166 ofpanel 160. - The interrelationship between beveled recesses of the joined panel pieces results in a firm fit. However, the feature which is most critical to this assembly lies in their
respective flange members FIG. 12 , the bottom side offlange 158 does not engage theshoulder 166 ofpanel piece 160, as a result of which, an elongate recess or space is needed between these two panel pieces. - This elongate space is an accent line, and it also has the salutary effect of eliminating that cantilever force which is associated with known panel assemblies. Instead of a cantilever force, the adjoined panel pieces fit neatly at their beveled recess faces and this match converts the cantilever effect into a shear force which is distributed evenly over the full extent of the opposing edge faces.
- In another embodiment of this invention, the panel pieces of the wall paneling assembly contain a covering. This covering may be plastic laminate, glass, stone, sheet metal, stainless steel, brass, paint, marble, veneer or a solid surface material such as Corian®. Also, while the actual panel pieces can be derived from any source, the preferred materials are plywood, flakeboard and foam.
- In yet another embodiment of this invention, the rear of the panel pieces is laminated with a backer sheet.
- Any wall may be paneled by the wall paneling assembly and system of the current invention. The wall may be solid, such as plasterboard, or it may be a frame, studs or some combination thereof or the like.
- This invention has been described by reference to precise embodiments, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this invention is subject to various modifications, and to the extent that those modifications would be obvious to one of ordinary skill, they are considered as being within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. A panel piece mountable on a structure and engageable with a substantially similar panel piece to form a wall panel assembly, said panel piece comprising:
a front side;
a rear side;
a first edge having a first tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said front side, said first tongue having a first end surface angularly oriented toward said rear side, a first flange being positioned between said first tongue and said front side; and
a second edge positioned opposite to said first edge and having a second tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said rear side, said second tongue having a second end surface, a second flange being positioned between said rear side and said second tongue, said second flange being angularly oriented toward said front side such that, upon engagement of said first edge of one of said panel pieces with said second edge of another of said panel pieces, said first tongue is captured in overlying relation with said second tongue upon engagement of said first end surface with said second flange, said second tongue being sized smaller than said first tongue so that said second end surface remains in spaced apart relation away from said first flange thereby defining a gap between said panel pieces in said front side.
2. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said first end surface is oriented at an angle that is complementary to the angular orientation of said second flange.
3. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said first flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to said first tongue.
4. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said second end surface is oriented substantially perpendicular to said second tongue.
5. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said first tongue extends substantially along the entire length of said first edge.
6. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said second tongue extends substantially along the entire length of said second edge.
7. A panel piece according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of apertures extending through said first tongue, said apertures being positioned in spaced apart relation lengthwise along said first tongue for receiving fasteners therethrough for attachment of said panel piece to said structure.
8. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said structure comprises an elevator.
9. A panel piece according to claim 1 , wherein said panel piece is formed from a laminate.
10. A panel piece according to claim 9 , wherein said laminate comprises wood and non-wood materials.
11. A wall panel assembly mountable on a structure and comprised of a plurality of interengageable panel pieces, each of said panel pieces comprising:
a front side;
a rear side;
a first edge having a first tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said front side, said first tongue having a first end surface angularly oriented toward said rear side, a first flange being positioned along said first edge between said first tongue and said front side; and
a second edge positioned opposite to said first edge and having a second tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said rear side, said second tongue having a second end surface, a second flange being positioned along said second edge between said rear side and said second tongue, said second flange being angularly oriented toward said front side such that, upon engagement of said first edge of one of said panel pieces with said second edge of another of said panel pieces, said first tongue of said one panel piece is captured in overlying relation with said second tongue of said other panel piece, said first end surface of said first tongue engaging said second flange of said other panel piece, said second tongue is sized smaller than said first tongue so that said second end surface of said second tongue remains in spaced apart relation away from said first flange of said first panel piece thereby defining a gap between said panel pieces in said front side.
12. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said first end surface is oriented at an angle that is complementary to the angular orientation of said second flange.
13. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said first flange is oriented-substantially perpendicular to said first tongue.
14. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said second end surface is oriented substantially perpendicular to said second tongue.
15. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said first tongue extends substantially along the entire length of said first edge.
16. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said second tongue extends substantially along the entire length of said second edge.
17. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of apertures extending through said first tongue, said apertures being positioned in spaced apart relation lengthwise along said first tongue for receiving fasteners therethrough for attachment of said panel piece to said structure.
18. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said structure comprises an elevator.
19. A wall panel assembly according to claim 11 , wherein said panel piece is formed from a laminate.
20. A wall panel assembly according to claim 19 , wherein said laminate comprises wood and non-wood materials.
21. A method of installing a wall panel assembly onto a support structure, said method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of panel pieces, each said panel piece comprising:
a front side;
a rear side;
a first edge having a first tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said front side, said first tongue having a first end surface angularly oriented toward said rear side, a first flange being positioned along said first edge between said first tongue and said front side;
a second edge positioned opposite to said first edge and having a second tongue extending lengthwise therealong and projecting outwardly therefrom in spaced apart relation offset from said rear side, said second tongue having a second end surface, a second flange being positioned along said second edge between said rear side and said second tongue, said second flange being angularly oriented toward said front side;
attaching at least one of said panel pieces on said structure; and
engaging said second edge of another of said panel pieces with said first edge of said one panel piece such that said first tongue of said one panel piece is captured in overlying relation with said second tongue of said other panel piece, said first end surface of said first tongue engaging said second flange of said other panel piece, said second tongue being sized smaller than said first tongue so that said second end surface of said second tongue remains in spaced apart relation away from said first flange of said first panel piece thereby defining a gap between said panel pieces in said front side.
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US11/489,400 US20060254171A1 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2006-07-19 | Wall paneling assembly and system |
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US20100242398A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2010-09-30 | Cullen Leslie D | Insulative siding apparatus and method of making the same |
US8176701B2 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2012-05-15 | Cullen Leslie D | Insulative siding apparatus and method of making the same |
KR101011139B1 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2011-01-26 | 에스엔에이치 주식회사 | Apparatus for Fixing a Protector of Impacted Walls |
US8468767B1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2013-06-25 | Vertical Dimensions, LLC | Wall panel system and method of assembling the same |
USD746669S1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2016-01-05 | Vertical Dimensions, LLC | Spline for a wall panel system |
US9016021B1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2015-04-28 | Vertical Dimensions, LLC | Pad stud assembly |
US20150275527A1 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Charles Porter | Interlocking clips for a wall panel mounting system |
US9169653B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-27 | Charles Porter | Interlocking clips for a wall panel mounting system |
US8938927B1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-01-27 | McElroy Metal Mill, Inc. | Horizontally oriented insulated metal panel siding system |
USD767786S1 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2016-09-27 | Cottonwood Metals, Inc. | Wall panel edge trim |
USD767785S1 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2016-09-27 | Cottonwood Metals, Inc. | Wall panel edge trim |
US9745172B2 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-08-29 | Inpro Corporation | Elevator cab protection system |
JP2017105576A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2017-06-15 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | Elevator car indoor mirror device |
US11371236B2 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2022-06-28 | Goldray Industries Ltd. | Wall mounting system with ledge |
CN114439131A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-06 | 珠海百亚电子科技有限公司 | Modular spliced module wall |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7089708B1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
EP1175539A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
AU3214600A (en) | 2000-08-07 |
WO2000043607A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
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