US4400424A - Fabrics having an excellent color developing property and a process for producing the same involving plasma treatment and an aftercoat - Google Patents
Fabrics having an excellent color developing property and a process for producing the same involving plasma treatment and an aftercoat Download PDFInfo
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- US4400424A US4400424A US06/389,589 US38958982A US4400424A US 4400424 A US4400424 A US 4400424A US 38958982 A US38958982 A US 38958982A US 4400424 A US4400424 A US 4400424A
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- recesses
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
- D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/08—Organic compounds
- D06M10/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
- D06M2101/08—Esters or ethers of cellulose
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/24—Polymers or copolymers of alkenylalcohols or esters thereof; Polymers or copolymers of alkenylethers, acetals or ketones
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/93—Pretreatment before dyeing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
- Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic
Definitions
- the invention relates to fabrics having improved optical properties and a process for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to fabrics having an improved color developing property enabling them to exhibit a high depth of color when dyed or otherwise colored.
- a synthetic fiber having a finely rugged surface characterized in that recesses and projections of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m are formed on the overall surface of the fiber at a density of 10 to 200 per ⁇ m 2 ;
- the U.S. Patent and the Japanese laid-open patent application do not disclose that the fiber is coated with a coating material of a specific refractive index to a specific thickness.
- the finer the recesses and projections on the fiber surface the higher the depth of color of the fiber.
- the recesses and projections are very fine, the fiber surface readily becomes smooth due to abrasion of the recesses and projections so that the depth of color of the worn portion is reduced, that is, the color lightens and is nonuniform. Therefore, the prior art fiber can not have a high depth of color as in natural fibers since the recesses and projections can not be formed so finely that the above-mentioned abrasion problem does not seriously occur.
- the present invention provides a fabric having an excellent color developing property and recesses of a depth of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m and a width of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m formed at least on the surface of the fibers existing in the surface portion of the fabric, the number of recesses being 1 to 10 per ⁇ m on the periphery of the fibers existing in the surface portion of the fabric in a portion of the fiber cross-section in which the recesses are formed and at least the recesses formed on the surface of the fibers existing in the surface portion of the fabric being coated with a coating material of an organic polymer having a refractive index at least 0.03 lower than the refractive index of the fibers.
- FIGS. 1 through 4 are sectional views, each schematically illustrating the transverse cross-section of a fiber existing on the surface portion of the fabric according to the present invention.
- the fibers usable for constituting the fabric according to the present invention include synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide fibers, e.g., nylon, acrylic fibers, e.g., polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, e.g., vinylon; regenerated or semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon and acetate; and natural fibers such as silk, hemp, linen and wool.
- synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide fibers, e.g., nylon, acrylic fibers, e.g., polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, e.g., vinylon
- regenerated or semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon and acetate
- natural fibers such as silk, hemp, linen and wool.
- the present invention may be particularly useful for fabrics consisting of synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, and acrylic fibers since such synthetic fibers usually have a depth of color lower than that of regenerated or semi-synthetic fibers or natural fibers when dyed or otherwise colored.
- the fabric according to the present invention may be composed of a woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric or the like.
- the fabric it is always necessary that recesses be formed over the area constituting the fabric surface, of the surface of the fibers existing in the surface portion of the fabric, but it is not always necessary that the portions of the fabric constituting fibers, which do not appear on the fabric surface, contain recesses. But, of course, the fabric constituting fibers may contain recesses over the entire surface area of the fibers.
- surface fiber the fiber existing in the surface portion of the fabric.
- the width of the recesses be smaller than the wavelength of light in order to reduce the reflection of light from the surface of the surface fibers so as to develop a high depth of color in the fabric.
- the width of the recesses is thus preferably within the range of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.08 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the recesses is preferably within the range of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.08 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the number of recesses existing on the surface of the surface fiber is an important factor for rendering a satisfactory depth of color to the fabric according to the present invention.
- the number of recesses is determined only with respect to a portion of the fiber cross-section at which the recesses are formed, i.e., the number of recesses is counted with respect to the length of a portion of the periphery of the fiber cross-section at which portion the recess are formed in the case where the recesses are not formed along the entire length of the periphery of the fiber cross-section.
- the number of recesses is preferably 5 to 50 per ⁇ m 2 of the area of the surface of the surface fiber in the surface portion at which the recesses are formed.
- the shape of the recesses is not critical, and, therefore, the recesses may be of any shape, such as parallelepipedal or conical, as long as they have a depth and width within the ranges mentioned above.
- the recesses existing on the surface of the surface fiber are not limited to those of the size as mentioned above, but it is necessary that recesses of the above-mentioned size exist on the surface of the fabric at a density within the range mentioned above. Thus, other recesses of a size outside the above-mentioned range may exist on the surface along with the recesses of the necessary size mentioned above. Further, the recesses are not necessarily uniformly formed on the surface of the surface fiber and may be formed at random.
- the recesses existing on the surface of the surface fibers of the fabric according to the present invention may be formed in any conventional manner.
- an advantageous manner for forming fine recesses as specified above there may be employed a process in which such fine recesses are formed by subjecting the surface of the surface fibers of the fabric to etching through cold plasma.
- etching through cold plasma very fine recesses attributable to the high order structure of the polymer can be formed on the surface of the fabric constituting fibers so as to remarkably improve the depth of color of the fabric.
- the cold plasma involves a so-called glow discharge which is initiated and sustained when a high voltage is applied to a gaseous atmosphere under a reduced pressure. If a polymer substrate is placed in the glow discharge, electrons, ions, exited atoms, and the like act on the surface of the polymer substrate to etch the substrate surface, thereby modifying the polymer substrate.
- Such cold plasma treatment is described in detail, for example, in "Techniques and Applications of Plasma Chemistry", edited by John R. Hollahan and Alexis T. Bell, published by John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
- the cold plasma treatment may be carried out using any type of conventional cold plasma treatment apparatus, and it is preferable to use an inner electrode type of cold plasma treatment apparatus connected to a high-frequency electric source of a frequency of not lower than 10 KHz. It has been found, over the course of our study, that if the temperature of the fiber is raised during the cold plasma treatment, the formation of recesses becomes difficult. Thus, it has further been found that very efficient formation of recesses can be attained by treating the fabric, by means of cold plasma, between a grounded cooling drum and a group of small-diameter cylindrical electrodes, the electrodes being placed opposite to the cooling drum and being cooled by passing a cooling medium through the inside of the electrodes, the fabric being cooled by the cooling drum.
- a useful cold plasma gas preferably includes oxygen gas, fluorine containing gas, or a mixture thereof or a mixture thereof and an other gas.
- a mixture of oxygen and a small amount of fluorine containing gas, hydrogen, steam, nitrogen, or nitrogen dioxide is particularly preferred because of the high etching rate.
- the coating material useful for the present invention is an organic polymer resin having a refractive index at least 0.03, preferably at least 0.05, lower than the refractive index of the fabric constituting fibers.
- the resin include silicone resins, fluoroplastics, acrylic ester resins, methacrylic ester resins, vinyl ether resins, alkylene oxide resins, and polyurethane resins, copolymers of two or more of the monomers of the polymers, and copolymers of the monomers and other monomers, and, in addition, blends of these resins with other resins or lower molecular weight substances, although useful resins are not limited to those mentioned above and any other resins may be used as long as the refractive index thereof is within the above-mentioned range.
- thermosetting resins are preferred from the point of view of improving the abrasion resistance of the resultant fabric during dyeing or practical use.
- silicone resins, fluoroplastics, and polyurethane resins are preferred, and of the fluoroplastics, fluorine-containing acrylic resins are preferred.
- the resins useful as the coating material include, for example: cationic thermoplastic resin emulsions comprising a self-emulsifiable polyurethaneureapolyamine (e.g., "TR-320", manufactured by Kao Soap Ltd.), obtained by reacting urethane prepolymer having free isocyanate groups at the terminals of the molecule and obtained from a polyhydroxyl compound and an excess amount of a polyisocyanate with an excess amount of a polyalkylenepolyamine, reacting the resultant polyurethaneureapolyamine with an epihalohydrin, and then mixing the reaction product with an aqueous acid solution to form an emulsion; polyurethane resins obtained from a polyether diol from the block or random copolymerization of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and hexamethylenediisocyanate or xylenediisocyanate; alkylene oxide resins such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl
- crosslinkable prepolymers or monomers may be blended with the polymers.
- silane compounds such as trimethylolvinylsilane and trimethylolmethylsilane and a water-soluble urethane prepolymer in which the free isocyanate group is blocked with a bisulfite.
- the resin for the coating material is mixed with a small amount of a lubricant compound, the abrasion resistance of the resultant fabric is advantageously further improved.
- a lubricant compound may include silicone resins, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons of 6 to 50 carbon atoms having one or more functional groups such as carboxyl, amide or mercapto, or mixtures thereof. Needless to say, in the case where a silicone resin is used as the coating material, it is not necessary to employ the same silicone resin as the lubricant compound.
- an antistatic agent for preventing the accumulation of static electricity or an inorganic particulate substance of fine particle size may be added to the resin for the coating material.
- the resin contain inert inorganic particles, preferably silica particles, of a particle size of 5 to 100 m ⁇ in a amount equal to 0.3 to 2% by weight based on the weight of the fabric constituting fibers.
- the recesses in the surface of the surface fibers are coated with a coating material. That is, the recesses formed on the fiber surface are filled with the coating material to the extent of not less than 80% of the depth of the recesses or the recesses are filled with the coating material, and, in addition, the fiber surface is coated with the coating material. It should naturally be appreciated that it is not necessary to coat the entire surface of the fabric constituting fibers with the coating material; rather, only the surface on which the recesses are formed need be coated with the coating material. That is, the fabric may be coated on the surface of the external surface fibers.
- the recesses are not filled with the coating material up to 80% of their depth, the recesses may become smooth due to rubbing between the fabric surfaces which may occur during the practical use of the fabric so that the depth of color is reduced.
- the recesses formed in the fiber surface should preferably be filled with the coating material to not less than 80% of their depth.
- the thickness of the coated material (hereinafter referred to as the coating thickness) is an important factor for maintaining the depth of color of the resultant fabric. If the coating thickness is too large, the depth of color of the resultant fabric is not improved and, thus, the effect of the formation of the recesses can not be attained.
- the distance from the fiber surface in the area in which recesses are not formed to the surface of the coating material i.e., the coating thickness
- the coating thickness may preferably be not more than 1 ⁇ m, more preferably not more than 0.5 ⁇ m. It is preferable that the coating thickness be as thin as possible.
- 1 denotes a fiber
- 2 and 3 denote a coating material of an organic polymer resin having a refractive index lower than that of the fiber
- L and M denote the thickness of the coating material.
- the recesses and the thickness of the coating material are illustrated on an enlarged scale as compared with the thickness of the fiber. Further, the figures do not necessarily illustrate that the recesses are formed on the entire surface along the fiber length. Also, although the surface of the coating material is illustrated as being smooth, this does not always mean that the coating material surface is as smooth as illustrated.
- the coating thickness L in FIG. 2 should preferably be not more than 1 ⁇ m, more preferably not more than 0.5 ⁇ m, as mentioned above.
- the depth, width, number, and form of the recesses, the thickness of the coating material, and the configuration of the fiber can be confirmed by observing the surface and cross-section of the fiber by means of an electron microscope.
- the fabric according to the present invention has such excellent optical properties as mentioned above is not clear. However, it may be inferred that this may be due to the fact that light incident upon the fiber surface penetrates the coating material and then is reflected from the fiber surface under the influence of the recesses. Such an excellent optical property has been found for the first time by the inventors of the fabric according to the present invention.
- the recesses may be coated with the coating material in any conventional manner, such as immersion, spraying, or coating, whereby the coating material can be applied onto the surface of the fiber in which the recesses are formed.
- the applied resin flows toward the intersecting points of the threads at the time of evaporation of the solvent used and deposits predominantly near the intersecting points so that the hand of the fabric is undesirably deteriorated.
- the resin deposits in an extremely uniform manner onto the fiber surface due to the increase of the surface energy of the fibers and, thus, adheres firmly to the fibers, thereby providing a unique fabric having excellent optical properties, such as an excellent depth of color.
- the abrasion fastness of the fabric of the present invention can further be improved by applying another layer of a low abrasive material 3 different from the coating material 2 onto the surface of the coating material 2, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the type of low abrasive material is not critical and may be selected from lubricants, water repellents, antistatics, and the like. However, it is desirable that the refractive index of such a material be in the range mentioned hereinbefore with respect to the coating material and that the total thickness of the coating materials 2 and 3 be in the range mentioned hereinbefore with respect to the coating thickness L. If the refractive index and the coating thickness are in the defined ranges, further materials may be applied repeatedly.
- the fabric of the present invention may be dyed or otherwise colored, e.g., by mass coloration of the base fibers, before recesses are formed and resin coating is carried out or may be dyed or otherwise colored after recesses have been formed and resin coating has been carried out.
- the L value which is an index representing the depth of color
- AUD-SCH-2 color and color-difference meter
- the rubbing fastness was measured using a rubbing tester by rubbing two pieces of each sample of a fabric 300 times under a load of 300 g and visually dividing the samples into 5 classes according to grade.
- a scoured georgette fabric of polyethylene terephthalate having a refractive index of 1.62 was subjected to etching by means of cold plasma by using an inner electrode type of cold plasma treatment apparatus in the following manner.
- the fabric was placed in contact with the surface of a grounded cooling drum, the cold plasma treatment apparatus was evacuated, and then oxygen gas was introduced to increase the inner pressure of the apparatus to 0.6 Torr.
- the fabric surface was etched for a predetermined period of time through cold plasma (glow discharge) while rotating the cooling drum.
- a sample of the plasma etched fabric was then subjected to vapor deposition so as to deposit gold onto the surface. Then the surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope. On the surface of the fibers of the surface portion of the fabric, fine recesses having an average diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m were formed at a density of about 12 per ⁇ m 2 .
- the plasma etched fabric was immersed in a solution, having a solid content of 1% by weight, of a butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (weight percentage composition: 60%:25%:15%) in an isopropyl alcohol/n-butyl alcohol/toluene mixture (weight ratio: 50:25:25) and dried at 120° C. Then the fabric was immersed in a solution, having a solid content of 0.05% by weight, of a normal alkyl mercaptan ("THIOCALCOHOL 20", manufactured by Kao Soap, Ltd.) in a solvent mixture of the same composition as mentioned above and was dried and cured at 150° C. so as to obtain a fabric according to the present invention.
- the cured coating material had a refractive index of 1.48.
- a sample of the coated fabric was embedded in an epoxy resin and then was dyed with osmic acid. Observation of the cross-section of the dyed sample with an electron microscope revealed 3 to 4 recesses formed on the surface of the fibers of the surface portion of the fabric per ⁇ m of the periphery of the surface fibers.
- the recesses had a depth of 0.1 ⁇ m and a width of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m and were filled with the coating material.
- the surface of the surface fibers was coated with the coating material to a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the plasma etched and coated fabric was dyed black in a usual manner.
- an untreated fabric and a plasma etched fabric of the same material were also dyed in the same manner.
- the L values and rubbing fastness of these fabrics were then measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- a black dyed fabric of polyethylene terephthalate having a refractive index of 1.62 was subjected to an etching treatment by means of the same cold plasma treatment apparatus as used in Example 1, using oxygen gas containing 0.1 mol % of hydrogen gas.
- the plasma etched fabric was immersed in an acrylic resin solution of the same composition as used in Example 1, except that it had a solid content of 0.5% by weight, and was dried in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the fabric was then immersed in a normal alkyl mercaptan solution and was dried and cured in the manner mentioned in Example 1 so as to obtain a fabric according to the present invention.
- Electron microscopic observation of the cross-section of the obtained fabric revealed that the recesses in the surface of the surface fibers were filled with the coating material and that the surface of the surface fibers was coated with the coating material to a thickness of about 800 A.
- the fabric of Run No. 6 according to the present invention had a remarkable depth of color and an excellent abrasion resistance, as compared with the conventional fabric of Run No. 5.
- a black dyed georgette fabric of polyester having a refractive index of 1.62 was subjected to a cold plasma etching treatment by means of the same apparatus as used in Example 1.
- a high voltage at a frequency of 400 KHz was applied, and oxygen gas containing 0.5 mol % of nitrogen gas was used.
- the plasma etched fabric was immersed in a silicone resin emulsion, having a solid content of 0.7% by weight (SH-8240, manufactured by Toray Silicone Co.) containing a catalyst and was dried and cured at 150° C. to obtain a fabric according to the present invention.
- the weight increase of the cured fabric due to the resin coating was about 1%, and the refractive index of the cured coating material was 1.40.
- Electron microscopic observation of the cross-section of the obtained fabric revealed that the recesses in the surface of the surface fibers were filled with the coating material and that the surface of the surface fibers was coated with the coating material to a thickness of about 800 A.
- the plasma etched fabric of Run No. 8 had a low L value and a very poor rubbing fastness.
- the plasma etched and coated fabric of Run No. 9 had a remarkable depth of color and an excellent rubbing fastness.
- Plasma etched fabrics obtained by means of the same cold plasma etching treatment as mentioned in Example 3 were coated with the same silicone resin emulsion as used in Example 3 except that the emulsion had a different solid content.
- the L values and rubbing fastness of the coated fabrics are shown in Table 4.
- the thickness of the coated resin film was calculated from the weight increase of the resultant fabric.
- the plasma etched fabric was immersed in a solution, having a solid content of 1% by weight, of a 1,1',3- trihydro-perfluoro acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate/acrylic acid copolymer (weight percentage composition: 70%:20%:10%; refractive index: 1.43) in an isopropyl alcohol/n-butyl alcohol/toluene mixture (weight ratio: 50:25:25) and was dried at 120° C.
- a solution having a solid content of 1% by weight, of a 1,1',3- trihydro-perfluoro acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate/acrylic acid copolymer (weight percentage composition: 70%:20%:10%; refractive index: 1.43) in an isopropyl alcohol/n-butyl alcohol/toluene mixture (weight ratio: 50:25:25) and was dried at 120° C.
- the fabric was immersed in a solution, having a solid content of 1% by weight, of a resin mixture (refractive index: 1.44) of a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer and a silicone resin (SH-200, manufactured by Toray Silicone Co.) in a solvent mixture of the same composition as mentioned above and was dried and cured at 150° C. to obtain a fabric according to the present invention.
- a resin mixture reffractive index: 1.44
- SH-200 silicone resin
- Electron microscopic observation of the cross-section of the resultant fabric revealed that the recesses in the surface of the surface fibers were filled with the coating material and that the surface of the surface fibers was coated with the coating material to a thickness of about 1,000 A.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Rubbing Run fastness No. Treatment L value (class) Remarks ______________________________________ 1 Untreated 13.8 5 Nocolor unevenness 2 Plasma etched 10.0 1Remarkable color unevenness 3 Plasma etched 10.5 5 No color and coated unevenness ______________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Run Rubbing fastness No. Treatment L value (class) ______________________________________ 4 Untreated 14.5 5 5 Plasma etched 10.1 1 6 Plasma etched 11.5 5 and coated ______________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Run Rubbing fastness No. Treatment L value (class) ______________________________________ 7 Untreated 13.8 5 8 Plasma etched 12.0 1 9 Plasma etched 11.2 5 and coated ______________________________________
TABLE 4 ______________________________________ Weight increase Coated film Rubbing Run of fabric thickness fastness No. (mt. %) (A) L value (class) ______________________________________ 10 0.1 80 11.8 2 11 0.7 560 11.5 5 12 6.3 5,000 13.0 5 13 12.0 9,600 13.4 5 ______________________________________
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ Rubbing Run fastness No. Treatment L value (class) ______________________________________ 14 Untreated 15.0 5 15 Plasma etched 10.8 1 16 Plasma etched and coated 11.0 5 before dry cleaning 17 Plasma etched and coated 10.9 5 after dry cleaning ______________________________________
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56-96504 | 1981-06-24 | ||
JP56096504A JPS6037225B2 (en) | 1981-06-24 | 1981-06-24 | coated fiber |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4400424A true US4400424A (en) | 1983-08-23 |
Family
ID=14166937
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/389,589 Expired - Lifetime US4400424A (en) | 1981-06-24 | 1982-06-18 | Fabrics having an excellent color developing property and a process for producing the same involving plasma treatment and an aftercoat |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4400424A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0068775B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6037225B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1172601A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3268938D1 (en) |
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US4504349A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1985-03-12 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for imparting improved surface properties to a polymeric shaped article |
US4619667A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1986-10-28 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd | Method for increasing color density and improving color fastness of dyed fabrics |
US4664936A (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1987-05-12 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Aromatic polyamide fiber-based composite prepreg |
US4764426A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-08-16 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyester fiber and production thereof |
US4900625A (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1990-02-13 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Deep-colored fibers and a process for manufacturing the same |
US5084302A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1992-01-28 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing an organic compound thin film for an optical device |
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US20060085921A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Formosa Taffeta Co., Ltd. | Method of preparing fabrics having lotus leaf effect and fabrics having lotus leaf effect |
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FR2893037A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-11 | Saint Gobain Vetrotex | METHOD FOR FUNCTIONALIZING A SURFACE PORTION OF A POLYMERIC FIBER |
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US8575045B1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2013-11-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fiber modified with particulate through a coupling agent |
US20150122303A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-05-07 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Thermoelectric conversion material using substrate having nanostructure, and method for producing same |
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JPS56100018A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-11 | Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo | Mirror with patterns |
JPS5915569A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-01-26 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Durable hydrophilic anti-stain processing of polyester fiber product |
JPS5921715A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1984-02-03 | Kanebo Ltd | Polyester type fiber capable of deepening color |
JPS59216978A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-07 | 株式会社クラレ | High functional surface processed article and production thereof |
JPS60110970A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-06-17 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Fiber article |
JPS60110969A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-06-17 | 豊田合成株式会社 | Fiber article |
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KR940005836A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1994-03-22 | 히로시 이따가끼 | Polyester fiber excellent in deep color and its manufacturing method |
US5414324A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-05-09 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | One atmosphere, uniform glow discharge plasma |
US5403453A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-04-04 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure |
US5938854A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1999-08-17 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for cleaning surfaces with a glow discharge plasma at one atmosphere of pressure |
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JP2008106389A (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-08 | Toray Ind Inc | Fiber structure and method for producing the same |
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Citations (1)
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US4254182A (en) * | 1978-03-08 | 1981-03-03 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polyester synthetic fiber containing particulate material and a method for producing an irregularly uneven random surface having recesses and projections on said fiber by chemically extracting said particulate material |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE599444A (en) * | 1960-02-03 | |||
US3477902A (en) * | 1965-10-14 | 1969-11-11 | Radiation Res Corp | Process for making tires by exposure to an ionized gas and treatment with resorcinol-formaldehyde/latex composition and the product |
BE695532A (en) * | 1966-03-30 | 1967-08-14 | ||
JPS5911709B2 (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1984-03-17 | 株式会社クラレ | Fiber molded product and its manufacturing method |
JPS53111192A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-09-28 | Toray Industries | Fiber structure with improved deep color |
JPS5851557B2 (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1983-11-17 | 東レ株式会社 | Method for improving color development of fiber structures |
JPS5924233B2 (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1984-06-07 | 株式会社クラレ | polyester synthetic fiber |
JPS57112464A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1982-07-13 | Kuraray Co | Fiber structure with excellent color forming property and durability |
-
1981
- 1981-06-24 JP JP56096504A patent/JPS6037225B2/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-06-17 CA CA000405378A patent/CA1172601A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-18 US US06/389,589 patent/US4400424A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-06-21 DE DE8282303213T patent/DE3268938D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-21 EP EP82303213A patent/EP0068775B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4254182A (en) * | 1978-03-08 | 1981-03-03 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polyester synthetic fiber containing particulate material and a method for producing an irregularly uneven random surface having recesses and projections on said fiber by chemically extracting said particulate material |
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US4619667A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1986-10-28 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd | Method for increasing color density and improving color fastness of dyed fabrics |
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US4764426A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1988-08-16 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyester fiber and production thereof |
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US4997519A (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1991-03-05 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Deep-colored fibers and a process for manufacturing the same |
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US20090305038A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2009-12-10 | Saint-Gobain Materiaux De Construction S.A.S | Method for functionalising a polymer fibre surface area |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3268938D1 (en) | 1986-03-20 |
EP0068775B1 (en) | 1986-02-05 |
JPS6037225B2 (en) | 1985-08-24 |
EP0068775A1 (en) | 1983-01-05 |
CA1172601A (en) | 1984-08-14 |
JPS584808A (en) | 1983-01-12 |
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