US5676963A - Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide - Google Patents

Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5676963A
US5676963A US08/417,917 US41791795A US5676963A US 5676963 A US5676963 A US 5676963A US 41791795 A US41791795 A US 41791795A US 5676963 A US5676963 A US 5676963A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
nitric oxide
polymer
group
releasing
bound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/417,917
Inventor
Larry K. Keefer
Joseph A. Hrabie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Health and Human Services
Original Assignee
US Department of Health and Human Services
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Health and Human Services filed Critical US Department of Health and Human Services
Priority to US08/417,917 priority Critical patent/US5676963A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5676963A publication Critical patent/US5676963A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/655Azo (—N=N—), diazo (=N2), azoxy (>N—O—N< or N(=O)—N<), azido (—N3) or diazoamino (—N=N—N<) compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/74Synthetic polymeric materials
    • A61K31/785Polymers containing nitrogen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/58Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. poly[meth]acrylate, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol or polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/61Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or a derivative thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/30Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
    • C08F8/32Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions comprising a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct capable of releasing nitric oxide.
  • the present invention relates to compositions comprising nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts which are bound to a polymer and which release nitric oxide in a physiological environment, to pharmaceutical compositions, including implants, patches and the like, incorporating the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, and to methods of treating biological disorders with polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions.
  • Nitric oxide has recently been implicated in a variety of bioregulatory processes, including normal physiological control of blood pressure, macrophage-induced cytostasis and cytotoxicity, and neurotransmission (Moncada et al., "Nitric Oxide from L-Arginine: A Bioregulatory System,” Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 897 (Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.: Amsterdam, 1990); Marletta et al., “Unraveling the Biological Significance of Nitric Oxide,” Biofactors, 2, 219-225 (1990); Ignarro, "Nitric Oxide. A Novel Signal Transduction Mechanism for Transcellular Communication," Hypertension (Dallas), 16, 477-483 (1990)).
  • a number of compounds have been developed which are capable of delivering nitric oxide, including compounds which release nitric oxide upon being metabolized and compounds which release nitric oxide spontaneously in aqueous solution.
  • nitric oxide upon being metabolized include the widely used nitrovasodilators glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside (Ignarro et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 218, 739-749 (1981); Ignarro, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 535-560 (1990); Kruszyna et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 429-438 (1987); Wilcox et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 71-76 (1990).
  • nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes Numerous nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes have been described, e.g., Drago, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., Vol. 36, p. 143-149 (1962). See also Longhi and Drago, Inorg. Chem. 2 85, (1963). Some of these complexes are known to evolve nitric oxide on heating or hydrolysis, e.g., Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991.
  • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is a labile humoral agent which is part of a cascade of interacting agents involved in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. EDRF is thus important in the control of vascular resistance to blood flow and in the control of blood pressure. Some vasodilators act by causing EDRF to be released from endothelial cells. (See Furchgott, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.
  • Nitric oxide in its pure form is a highly reactive gas having limited solubility in aqueous media (WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of Nitrogen, Environmental Health Criteria 4 (World Health Organization: Geneva, 1977)). Nitric oxide, therefore, is difficult to introduce reliably into most biological systems without premature decomposition.
  • nitric oxide The difficulty in administering nitric oxide can be overcome in some cases by administering nitric oxide pharmacologically in prodrug form.
  • the compounds glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside are relatively stable but release nitric oxide only on redox activation (Ignarro et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 218, 739-749 (1981); Ignarro, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 535-560 (1990); Kruszyna et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 429-438 (1987); Wilcox et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 71-76 (1990)).
  • nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes A very important class of such agents is the nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes.
  • nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes Recently, a method for treating cardiovascular disorders in a mammal with certain nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes has been disclosed, e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,526. These compounds contain the anionic N 2 O 2 - group or derivatives thereof. See also, Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991.
  • N 2 O 2 - containing compounds are thus unique among drugs currently known in that they decompose via a cleanly first order reaction to provide doses of nitric oxide that can be predicted, quantified, and controlled. See, e.g., Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991.
  • Nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes which release nitric oxide in aqueous solution are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,705, as well as in pending U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,212,204 (filed Oct. 18, 1989), 5,155,137 (filed Sep. 20, 1990), 5,208,233 (filed Aug. 12, 1991), application Ser. No. 07/764,908 (filed Sep. 24, 1991) now abandoned, and 5,384,675 (filed Mar. 27, 1992), as being useful cardiovascular agents (see also Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem., 34, 3242-3247 (1991)).
  • nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts Despite the promise of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts that have been investigated, their pharmacological application has been limited by their tendency to distribute evenly throughout the medium. Such even distribution is a great advantage in many research applications, but tends to compromise their selectivity of action. Another limitation to the application of these nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts is their propensity for relatively rapid release of nitric oxide which may necessitate frequent dosing to achieve a prolonged biological effect. Thus there remains a need for nitric oxide-releasing compositions which are capable of concentrating the effect of the nitric oxide release to a situs of application and for which nitric oxide release may be controlled for effective dosing.
  • compositions which includes a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct whose action can be localized to enhance the selectivity of nitric oxide release.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which includes a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct whose release of nitric oxide can be controlled to effect efficient dosing for a prolonged biological effect.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide compositions including nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide wherein the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct is associated with a polymer.
  • the present invention provides a composition capable of releasing nitric oxide which includes a nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group bound to a polymer.
  • bound to a polymer it is meant that the N 2 O 2 - functional group is associated with, part of, incorporated with or contained within the polymer matrix physically or chemically. Physical association or bonding of the N 2 O 2 - functional group to the polymer may be achieved by coprecipitation of the polymer with a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex as well as by covalent bonding of the N 2 O 2 - group to the polymer.
  • Chemical bonding of the N 2 O 2 - functional group to the polymer may be by, for example, covalent bonding of the nucleophile moiety of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct to the polymer such that the nucleophile residue to which the N 2 O 2 - group is attached forms part of the polymer itself, i.e., is in the polymer backbone or is attached to pendant groups on the polymer backbone.
  • the manner in which the nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group is associated, part of, or incorporated with or contained within, i.e., "bound," to the polymer is inconsequential to the present invention and all means of association, incorporation and bonding are contemplated herein.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a polymer having a nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group bound to said polymer.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group compositions of the present invention may themselves function as a pharmaceutical composition, as, for example, when the polymer-bound composition is in the form of an implant, stent, patch, or the like.
  • the invention further provides a method of treating biological disorders in which dosage with nitric oxide would be beneficial which comprises administering a composition comprising a polymer and a nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group bound to said polymer in an amount sufficient to release a therapeutically effective amount of nitric oxide.
  • FIG. 1 is the chemiluminescence detector response to nitric oxide generated from the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group composition of Example 1 in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the time course of vascular relaxation with different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the time course of vascular relaxation with different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3.
  • the present invention is predicated on the discovery that useful pharmacological agents can be provided by incorporating nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional groups into a polymeric matrix. Accordingly, the N 2 O 2 - functional group is "bound to the polymer" as that term has been defined herein. It has been discovered that incorporation of the N 2 O 2 - functional group into a polymeric matrix provides a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct composition that can be applied with specificity to a biological site of interest. Site specific application of the polymer-bound adduct composition enhances the selectivity of action of the nitric oxide releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group.
  • N 2 O 2 - functional groups attached to the polymer are necessarily localized, then the effect of their nitric oxide release will be concentrated in the tissues with which they are in contact. If the polymer is soluble, selectivity of action can still be arranged, for example, by attachment to or derivatization of an antibody specific to the target tissue. Similarly, attachment of N 2 O 2 - groups to small peptides that mimic the recognition sequences of ligands for important receptors provides localized concentrated effect of nitric oxide release, as would attachment to oligonucleotides capable of site-specific interactions with target sequences in a nucleic acid.
  • incorporation of the N 2 O 2 - functional group into a polymer matrix can reduce the propensity of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct for the relatively rapid release of nitric oxide. This prolongs the release of nitric oxide by the N 2 O 2 - functional group, and allows for efficient dosing to achieve a desired biological effect so the frequency of dosing can be reduced.
  • N 2 O 2 - groups near the surface of the particle should be available for rapid release while those that are more deeply imbedded are sterically shielded, requiring more time and/or energy for the nitric oxide to work its way into the medium.
  • increasing positive charge in the vicinity of an N 2 O 2 - functional group also tends to increase the halflife of nitric oxide generation.
  • the mechanism of this rate retardation may be attributable simply to repulsive electrostatic interactions, i.e., increasing the number of H + -repelling positive charges in the vicinity of the N 2 O 2 - groups inhibits attack of positively charged H + ions on the N 2 O 2 - functional group and slows the rate of its H + - catalyzed decomposition.
  • partially converted structures can be produced on less-than-exhaustive treatment with nitric oxide that after exposure to water contain a large number of positively charged ammonium centers surrounding the N 2 O 2 - group that electrostatically inhibit the approach of H + ions capable of initiating nitric oxide loss from the nitric oxide releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group.
  • nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional groups that are bound to the polymer generally are capable of releasing nitric oxide in an aqueous environment spontaneously upon contacting an aqueous environment, i.e., they do not require activation through a redox reaction or electron transfer such as is required for glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside.
  • Some .of the nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes useful in the context of the present invention do require activation by particular means, but only as necessary to free the nitric oxide releasing X N(O)NO! - group in the vicinity of the particular cells of interest.
  • nitric oxide releasing compositions of the present invention are capable of releasing nitric oxide in an aqueous solution, such a compound preferably releases nitric oxide under physiological conditions.
  • the nitric oxide releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group is preferably a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct, e.g., a complex of nitric oxide and a nucleophile, most preferably a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex which contains the anionic moiety X N(O)NO! - , where X is any suitable nucleophile residue.
  • a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct e.g., a complex of nitric oxide and a nucleophile, most preferably a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex which contains the anionic moiety X N(O)NO! - , where X is any suitable nucleophile residue.
  • nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes are stable solids and are capable of delivering nitric oxide in a biologically usable form at a predictable rate.
  • nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes include those having the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein J is an organic or inorganic moiety, preferably a moiety which is not linked to the nitrogen of the N 2 O 2 - group through a carbon atom, M +x is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, where x is the valence of the cation, a is 1 or 2, and b and c are the smallest integers that result in a neutral compound, preferably such that the compound is not a salt of alanosine or dopastin, as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-trichloro-t-butoxycarbonyl, and x, y, and z are the same or different and are integers from 2 to 12, as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • R 6 and R 7 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-trichloro-t-butoxycarbonyl, f is an integer from 0 to 12, with the proviso that when B is the substituted piperazine moiety ##STR5## then f is an integer from 2 to 12, as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-tri-chloro-t-butoxycarbonyl
  • R 9 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 12 straight or branched chain alkyl
  • g is 2 to 6, as described in U.S. Pat. No.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a straight chain or branched chain C 1 -C 12 alkyl group and a benzyl group, with the proviso that no branch occur on the alpha carbon atom, or else R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom they are bonded to form a heterocyclic group, preferably a pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino or morpholino group, M +x is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, and x is the valence of the cation, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,705 and incorporated by reference;
  • M is a pharmaceutically acceptable metal, or, where x is at least two, a mixture of two different pharmaceutically acceptable metals, L is a ligand different from (R 1 R 2 N-N 2 O 2 ) and is bound to at least one metal, R 1 and R 2 are each organic moieties and may be the same or different (with the proviso that where M is copper, x is one, L is methanol, and y is one, that at least one of R 1 or R 2 is not ethyl), x is an integer of from 1 to 10, x' is the formal oxidation state of the metal M, and is an integer of from 1 to 6, y is an integer of from 1 to 18, and where y is at least 2, the ligands L may be the same or different, z is an integer of from 1 to 20, and K is a pharmaceutically acceptable counterion to render the compound neutral to the extent necessary, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,675 and incorporated by reference; and
  • R is C 2-8 lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or C 3-8 cycoloalkyl, any of which R groups may be substituted by one to three substituents, which are the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C 1-8 alkoxy, -NH 2 , -C(O)NH 2 , -CH(O), -C(O)OH, and -NO 2
  • X is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, a pharmaceutically acceptable metal center, or a pharmaceutically acceptable organic group selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 lower alkyl, -C(O)CH 3 , and -C(O)NH 2
  • y is one to three, consistent with the valence of X, as described in U.S.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently chosen from C 1-2 straight chain alkyl, C 1-12 alkoxy or acyloxy substituted straight chain alkyl, C 2-12 hydroxy or halo substituted straight chain alkyl, C 3-12 branched chain alkyl, C 3-12 hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, or acyloxy substituted branched chain alkyl, C 3-12 straight chain olefinic and C 3-12 branched chain olefinic which are unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, halo or benzyl, or R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form a heterocyclic group, preferably a pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino or morpholino group, and R 3 is a group selected from C 1-12 straight chain and C 3-12 branched chain alkyl which are unsubstit
  • polymers suitable for use in the present invention are polyolefins, such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluorethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylchloride, derivatized polyolefins such as polyethylenimine, polyethers, polyesters, polyamides such as nylon, polyurethanes, biopolymers such as peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, antibodies and nucleic acids, starburst dendrimers, and the like.
  • polyolefins such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluorethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylchloride, derivatized polyolefins such as polyethylenimine, polyethers, polyesters, polyamides such as nylon, polyurethanes, biopolymers such as peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides
  • the physical and structural characteristics of the polymers suitable for use in the present invention are not narrowly critical, but rather will depend on the end use application. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that where the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention are intended for topical, dermal, percutaneous, or similar use, they need not be biodegradable. For some uses, such as ingestion or the like, it may be desirable that the polymer of the polymer-bound compositions slowly dissolves in a physiological environment or that it is biodegradable.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing compositions of the present invention will find utility in a wide variety of applications and in a wide variety of forms depending on the biological disorder to be treated.
  • the polymer may itself be structurally sufficient to serve as an implant, patch, stent or the like.
  • the polymer-bound composition may be incorporated into other polymer matrices, substrates or the like, or it may be microencapsulated, or the like.
  • nitric oxide-releasing complexes having N 2 O 2 - functional groups may be bound to the polymer support in a number of different ways.
  • the compounds described above may be bound to the polymer by coprecipitation of such compounds with the polymer. Coprecipitation involves, for example, solubilizing both the polymer and the nitric oxide/nucleophile compound and evaporating the solvent.
  • nitric oxide releasing N 2 O 2 - functional groups may be bound to the polymer by formation of a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex of the types and having the formulas of those described above, in situ on the polymer.
  • the N 2 O 2 - functional group may be attached to an atom in the backbone of the polymer, or it may be attached to a group pendant to the polymer backbone, or it may simply be entrapped in the polymer matrix.
  • the polymer includes in its backbone sites which are capable of reacting with nitric oxide to bind the nitric oxide for future release.
  • the polymer includes nucleophilic nitrogen atoms which react with nitric oxide to form the N 2 O 2 - functional group at the nitrogen in the backbone.
  • the N 2 O 2 - functional group is a group pendant to the polymer backbone
  • the polymer contains, or is derivatized with, a suitable nucleophilic residue capable of reacting with nitric oxide to form the N 2 O 2 - functionality. Reaction of the polymer which contains a suitable nucleophilic residue, or of the suitably derivatized polymer with nitric oxide thus provides a polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile compositions of the present invention have a wide range of biological utility.
  • nitric oxide is an especially versatile and important bioeffective species, having been implicated mechanistically in such critical bodily functions as vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and the immunological response (Moncada et al., Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 109-142, 1991)
  • the compositions of the present invention find utility in applications where nitric oxide release is needed.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing N 2 O 2 - functional groups may be implanted into neoplastic tissue to arrest tumor growth.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention may be incorporated into suitable penile implants, dermal patches or condoms for treatment of impotence in men.
  • stents fabricated with polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group compositions may be used both to inhibit cell division in areas with damaged endothelium and to prevent adhesion of platelets at these locations as well, minimizing the risk of recurring blockage.
  • polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile compositions may be used to reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients.
  • polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention may be used to coat prostheses and medical implants, such as breast implants, prior to surgical connection to the body as a means of reducing the risk of solid state carcinogenlsis associated therewith.
  • the compositions of this invention may be used for those applications as well.
  • compositions of the present invention suitable methods of administering the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - functional group compositions of the present invention to an animal are available, and, although more than one route can be used to administer a particular composition, a particular route can provide a more immediate and more effective reaction than another route.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also well-known to those who are skilled in the art. The choice of carrier will be determined in part by the particular composition, as well as by the particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there is a wide variety of suitable formulations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Formulations suitable for oral administration can consist of (a) liquid solutions, such as an effective amount of the polymer-bound composition dissolved in diluents, such as water or saline, (b) capsules, sachets or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as solids or granules, (c) suspensions in an appropriate liquid, and (d) suitable emulsions.
  • liquid solutions such as an effective amount of the polymer-bound composition dissolved in diluents, such as water or saline
  • diluents such as water or saline
  • capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as solids or granules
  • suspensions in an appropriate liquid and (d) suitable emulsions.
  • Tablet forms can include one or more of lactose, mannitol, corn starch, potato starch, microcrystalline cellulose, acacia, gelatin, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, talc, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and other excipients, colorants, diluents, buffering agents, moistening agents, preservatives, flavoring agents, and pharmacologically compatible carriers.
  • Lozenge forms can comprise the active ingredient in a flavor, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, as well as pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia emulsions, gels, and the like containing, in addition to the active ingredient, such carriers as are known in the art.
  • a flavor usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth
  • pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia emulsions, gels, and the like containing, in addition to the active ingredient, such carriers as are known in the art.
  • the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing compositions of the present invention can be made into aerosol formulations to be administered via inhalation. These aerosol formulations can be placed into pressurized acceptable propellants, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen, and the like.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous, isotonic sterile injection solutions, which can contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient, and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions that can include suspending agents, solubilizers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and preservatives.
  • the formulations can be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampules and vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, water, for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • the dose administered to an animal, particularly a human, in the context of the present invention should be sufficient to effect a therapeutic response in the animal over a reasonable time frame.
  • the dose will be determined by the strength of the particular compositions employed and the condition of the animal, as well as the body weight of the animal to be treated.
  • the size of the dose also will be determined by the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side-effects that might accompany the administration of a particular composition.
  • This Example illustrates the formation of a polymer containing nitric oxide-releasing N 2 O 2 - groups that are attached to nucleophile residues pendant the polymer backbone.
  • nitric oxide can be recovered from the polymer described in this Example.
  • the amount of nitric oxide regenerated when the polymer of Example I was treated with acid was measured with a chemiluminescence detector.
  • the solid sample was placed in a reactor vessel, which was then purged continuously with helium such that the effluent gases were swept into a nitric oxide-selective Thermal Energy Analyzer Model 502 (Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.).
  • the observed detector response as a function of time is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the reaction was repeated using 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 in place of the sulfuric acid to verify the slow release of nitric oxide at physiological pH.
  • the chemiluminescence detector showed that nitric oxide was generated very much more slowly.
  • This Example illustrates the preparation of a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile complex by coprecipitation of a monomeric form thereof with a polymer.
  • This Example illustrates the preparation of a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct in which the N 2 O 2 - group is bound directly to an atom in the polymer backbone.
  • thoracic aortic rings from New Zealand White rabbits were suspended in pH 7.4 buffer at 37° C. and a 10 g preload was applied to each. After equilibration for 2 hours, the rings were preconstricted with norepinephrine. The percent relaxation caused by adding the polymer-bound compositions of the present invention to the organ baths at successively increasing concentrations was measured.
  • a polymer film as described in Example II was cooled on dry ice and a small piece was sliced off. This was placed onto a piece of weighed filter paper, which was reweighed to determine the amount of material present. The paper was folded to entrap the polymer inside, grasped with a hemostat, and immersed into the 50-ml buffer bath containing the preconstricted aortic ring. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a piece of polymer weighing approximately 0.4 mg induced 30% relaxation in the ring, while 2.1 mg induced 80% relaxation.
  • the data demonstrate that there was a positive response by the organ to the polymer-bound composition of this invention and that the response tended to increase as the dose administered was increased.
  • the polymer-bound nucleophile/nitric oxide composition has a potent, dose-responsive cardiovascular effect.
  • Example III The above experiment was repeated with the granular polymer produced in Example III. A similar effect was observed, though it was less potent because this polymer contained fewer NO-releasing N 2 O 2 - groups per gram than the polymer of Example II.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the time course of vascular relaxation when different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3 are first exposed to the aortic ring, causing relaxation, then withdrawn from the organ bath, allowing restriction to occur, then reintroduced into the organ bath, causing the vessel to dilate again.
  • a 16-mg sample of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3 was immersed into the buffer bath. After 15% relaxation had been achieved, the sample was removed from the bath. Upon removal of the polymer-bound composition, the degree of relaxation fell to approximately 11% over about 5 min. The sample of the polymer-bound composition was then returned to the bath, and a doubling of the degree of relaxation to about 25% was observed.
  • This experiment illustrates that the pharmacological effects of the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile composition of the present invention can be modulated as desired by controlling the extent and duration of contact between the polymer and the cells or tissues of interest. This feature is particularly advantageous, for example, to localize the effects of nitric oxide release to a specific target organ or situs.

Abstract

Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising a polymeric composition capable of releasing nitric oxide including a polymer and a nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group bound to the polymer.

Description

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/935,565, filed on Aug. 24, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,919.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compositions comprising a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct capable of releasing nitric oxide. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions comprising nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts which are bound to a polymer and which release nitric oxide in a physiological environment, to pharmaceutical compositions, including implants, patches and the like, incorporating the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, and to methods of treating biological disorders with polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions.
Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been implicated in a variety of bioregulatory processes, including normal physiological control of blood pressure, macrophage-induced cytostasis and cytotoxicity, and neurotransmission (Moncada et al., "Nitric Oxide from L-Arginine: A Bioregulatory System," Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 897 (Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.: Amsterdam, 1990); Marletta et al., "Unraveling the Biological Significance of Nitric Oxide," Biofactors, 2, 219-225 (1990); Ignarro, "Nitric Oxide. A Novel Signal Transduction Mechanism for Transcellular Communication," Hypertension (Dallas), 16, 477-483 (1990)). A number of compounds have been developed which are capable of delivering nitric oxide, including compounds which release nitric oxide upon being metabolized and compounds which release nitric oxide spontaneously in aqueous solution.
Those compounds which release nitric oxide upon being metabolized include the widely used nitrovasodilators glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside (Ignarro et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 218, 739-749 (1981); Ignarro, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 535-560 (1990); Kruszyna et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 429-438 (1987); Wilcox et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 71-76 (1990). Another compound, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, has been reported to release nitric oxide in solution and to be effective at inhibiting DNA synthesis (Garg et al., Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm., 171, 474-479 (1990)).
Numerous nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes have been described, e.g., Drago, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser., Vol. 36, p. 143-149 (1962). See also Longhi and Drago, Inorg. Chem. 2 85, (1963). Some of these complexes are known to evolve nitric oxide on heating or hydrolysis, e.g., Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991.
The cytostatic effect of nitric oxide solutions on tumor cells in vitro has been demonstrated. In particular, it has been shown that solutions of nitric oxide inhibit DNA synthesis and mitochondrial respiration of tumor cells in vitro (Hibbs et al., Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm., 157, 87-94 (1988); Stuehr et al., J. Exp. Med., 169, 1543-1555 (1989)).
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a labile humoral agent which is part of a cascade of interacting agents involved in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. EDRF is thus important in the control of vascular resistance to blood flow and in the control of blood pressure. Some vasodilators act by causing EDRF to be released from endothelial cells. (See Furchgott, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 24., 175-197, 1984.) In 1987, Palmer et al., presented evidence that EDRF is identical to the simple molecule, nitric oxide, NO (Nature 317, 524-526, 1987), though more recently, that conclusion has been challenged (Myers et al., Nature, 345, 161-163, 1990).
Nitric oxide in its pure form, however, is a highly reactive gas having limited solubility in aqueous media (WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of Nitrogen, Environmental Health Criteria 4 (World Health Organization: Geneva, 1977)). Nitric oxide, therefore, is difficult to introduce reliably into most biological systems without premature decomposition.
The difficulty in administering nitric oxide can be overcome in some cases by administering nitric oxide pharmacologically in prodrug form. The compounds glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside are relatively stable but release nitric oxide only on redox activation (Ignarro et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 218, 739-749 (1981); Ignarro, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 535-560 (1990); Kruszyna et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 429-438 (1987); Wilcox et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 71-76 (1990)). While this feature may be an advantage in some applications, it can also be a significant liability, as in the development of tolerance to glyceryl trinitrate via the exhaustion of the relevant enzyme/cofactor system (Ignarro et al., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 25, 171-191 (1985); Kuhn et al., J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 14. (Suppl. 11), S47-S54 (1989)) and toxicity from metabolically produced cyanide during prolonged administration of nitroprusside (Smith et al., "A Potpourri of Biologically Reactive Intermediates" in Biological Reactive Intermediates IV. Molecular and Cellular Effects and Their Impact on Human Health (Witmer et al., eds.), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 283 (Plenum Press: New York, 1991), pp. 365-369).
Evidence that nitric oxide is released from the endothelial cells and is responsible for the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle, and hence the control of blood pressure, has resulted in the development of artificial agents that can deliver nitric oxide in vivo. A very important class of such agents is the nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes. Recently, a method for treating cardiovascular disorders in a mammal with certain nitric oxide-nucleophile complexes has been disclosed, e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,526. These compounds contain the anionic N2 O2 - group or derivatives thereof. See also, Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991. Many of these compounds have proven especially promising pharmacologically because, unlike nitrovasodilators such as nitroprusside and nitroglycerin, they release nitric oxide without first having to be metabolized. The only other series of drugs currently known to be capable of releasing nitric oxide purely spontaneously is the S-nitrosothiol series, compounds of structure R-S-NO (Stamler et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 444-448, 1992); however, the R-S-NO→NO reaction is kinetically complicated and difficult to control (Morley et al., submitted). The N2 O2 - containing compounds are thus unique among drugs currently known in that they decompose via a cleanly first order reaction to provide doses of nitric oxide that can be predicted, quantified, and controlled. See, e.g., Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991.
Nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes which release nitric oxide in aqueous solution are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,705, as well as in pending U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,212,204 (filed Oct. 18, 1989), 5,155,137 (filed Sep. 20, 1990), 5,208,233 (filed Aug. 12, 1991), application Ser. No. 07/764,908 (filed Sep. 24, 1991) now abandoned, and 5,384,675 (filed Mar. 27, 1992), as being useful cardiovascular agents (see also Maragos et al., J. Med. Chem., 34, 3242-3247 (1991)).
Despite the promise of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts that have been investigated, their pharmacological application has been limited by their tendency to distribute evenly throughout the medium. Such even distribution is a great advantage in many research applications, but tends to compromise their selectivity of action. Another limitation to the application of these nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts is their propensity for relatively rapid release of nitric oxide which may necessitate frequent dosing to achieve a prolonged biological effect. Thus there remains a need for nitric oxide-releasing compositions which are capable of concentrating the effect of the nitric oxide release to a situs of application and for which nitric oxide release may be controlled for effective dosing.
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide a composition which includes a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct whose action can be localized to enhance the selectivity of nitric oxide release. Another object of the invention is to provide a composition which includes a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct whose release of nitric oxide can be controlled to effect efficient dosing for a prolonged biological effect. A further object of the present invention is to provide compositions including nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide wherein the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct is associated with a polymer. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention, as well as additional inventive features, will be apparent from the description of the invention provided herein.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a composition capable of releasing nitric oxide which includes a nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group bound to a polymer. By "bound to a polymer," it is meant that the N2 O2 - functional group is associated with, part of, incorporated with or contained within the polymer matrix physically or chemically. Physical association or bonding of the N2 O2 - functional group to the polymer may be achieved by coprecipitation of the polymer with a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex as well as by covalent bonding of the N2 O2 - group to the polymer. Chemical bonding of the N2 O2 - functional group to the polymer may be by, for example, covalent bonding of the nucleophile moiety of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct to the polymer such that the nucleophile residue to which the N2 O2 - group is attached forms part of the polymer itself, i.e., is in the polymer backbone or is attached to pendant groups on the polymer backbone. The manner in which the nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group is associated, part of, or incorporated with or contained within, i.e., "bound," to the polymer is inconsequential to the present invention and all means of association, incorporation and bonding are contemplated herein.
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a polymer having a nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group bound to said polymer. The polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group compositions of the present invention may themselves function as a pharmaceutical composition, as, for example, when the polymer-bound composition is in the form of an implant, stent, patch, or the like.
The invention further provides a method of treating biological disorders in which dosage with nitric oxide would be beneficial which comprises administering a composition comprising a polymer and a nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group bound to said polymer in an amount sufficient to release a therapeutically effective amount of nitric oxide.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is the chemiluminescence detector response to nitric oxide generated from the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group composition of Example 1 in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the time course of vascular relaxation with different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 2.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the time course of vascular relaxation with different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is predicated on the discovery that useful pharmacological agents can be provided by incorporating nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional groups into a polymeric matrix. Accordingly, the N2 O2 - functional group is "bound to the polymer" as that term has been defined herein. It has been discovered that incorporation of the N2 O2 - functional group into a polymeric matrix provides a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct composition that can be applied with specificity to a biological site of interest. Site specific application of the polymer-bound adduct composition enhances the selectivity of action of the nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional group. If N2 O2 - functional groups attached to the polymer are necessarily localized, then the effect of their nitric oxide release will be concentrated in the tissues with which they are in contact. If the polymer is soluble, selectivity of action can still be arranged, for example, by attachment to or derivatization of an antibody specific to the target tissue. Similarly, attachment of N2 O2 - groups to small peptides that mimic the recognition sequences of ligands for important receptors provides localized concentrated effect of nitric oxide release, as would attachment to oligonucleotides capable of site-specific interactions with target sequences in a nucleic acid.
Additionally, incorporation of the N2 O2 - functional group into a polymer matrix can reduce the propensity of the nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct for the relatively rapid release of nitric oxide. This prolongs the release of nitric oxide by the N2 O2 - functional group, and allows for efficient dosing to achieve a desired biological effect so the frequency of dosing can be reduced.
While not being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that longevity of nitric oxide release in the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention is to be attributed both to the physical structure of the composition and to electrostatic effects. Thus, it is believed that if the polymer is an insoluble solid, N2 O2 - groups near the surface of the particle should be available for rapid release while those that are more deeply imbedded are sterically shielded, requiring more time and/or energy for the nitric oxide to work its way into the medium. Unexpectedly, it has been found that increasing positive charge in the vicinity of an N2 O2 - functional group also tends to increase the halflife of nitric oxide generation. The mechanism of this rate retardation may be attributable simply to repulsive electrostatic interactions, i.e., increasing the number of H+ -repelling positive charges in the vicinity of the N2 O2 - groups inhibits attack of positively charged H+ ions on the N2 O2 - functional group and slows the rate of its H+ - catalyzed decomposition. For example, by attaching amino groups to the polymeric support that are capable of forming the nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group on reaction with nitric oxide, partially converted structures can be produced on less-than-exhaustive treatment with nitric oxide that after exposure to water contain a large number of positively charged ammonium centers surrounding the N2 O2 - group that electrostatically inhibit the approach of H+ ions capable of initiating nitric oxide loss from the nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional group.
The nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional groups that are bound to the polymer generally are capable of releasing nitric oxide in an aqueous environment spontaneously upon contacting an aqueous environment, i.e., they do not require activation through a redox reaction or electron transfer such as is required for glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside. Some .of the nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes useful in the context of the present invention do require activation by particular means, but only as necessary to free the nitric oxide releasing X N(O)NO!- group in the vicinity of the particular cells of interest. As an example, covalent attachment of a protecting group to the anionic N(O)NO!- function provides a means of postponing nitric oxide release until the molecule reaches an organ capable of metabolically removing the protecting group. By choosing a protecting group that is selectively cleaved by enzymes specific to a tumor, biological disorder, cell, or tissue of interest, for example, the action of the nitric oxide/nucleophile complex can be targeted to maximize the desired effect. While the polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing compositions of the present invention are capable of releasing nitric oxide in an aqueous solution, such a compound preferably releases nitric oxide under physiological conditions.
The nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional group is preferably a nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct, e.g., a complex of nitric oxide and a nucleophile, most preferably a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex which contains the anionic moiety X N(O)NO!-, where X is any suitable nucleophile residue. The nucleophile residue is preferably that of a primary amine (e.g., X=(CH3)2 CHNH, as in (CH3)2 CHNH N(O)NO!Na), a secondary amine (e.g., X=(CH3 CH2)2 N, as in (CH3 CH2)2 N N(O)NO!Na), a polyamine (e.g., X=spermine, as in the zwitterion H2 N(CH2)3 NH2 + (CH2)4 N N(O)NO!- (CH2)3 NH2, or X=3-(n-propylamino) propylamine, as in the zwitterion CH3 CH2 CH2 N N (O)NO!- CH2 CH2 CH2 NH3 +), or oxide (i.e., X=O-, as in NaO N(O)NO!Na), or a derivative thereof. Such nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes are stable solids and are capable of delivering nitric oxide in a biologically usable form at a predictable rate.
The nucleophile residue is preferably not an entity such as that of sulfite (e.g., X=SO3 -, as in NH4 O3 S N(O)NO!NH4) even though the complex is a stable compound, since it is capable of releasing nitric oxide in an aqueous environment only under harsh, nonphysiological conditions.
Other suitable nitric oxide/nucleophile complexes include those having the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein J is an organic or inorganic moiety, preferably a moiety which is not linked to the nitrogen of the N2 O2 - group through a carbon atom, M+x is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, where x is the valence of the cation, a is 1 or 2, and b and c are the smallest integers that result in a neutral compound, preferably such that the compound is not a salt of alanosine or dopastin, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,204 and incorporated herein by reference; ##STR2## wherein b and d are the same or different and may be zero or one, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-trichloro-t-butoxycarbonyl, and x, y, and z are the same or different and are integers from 2 to 12, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,137 and ##STR3## wherein B is ##STR4## R6 and R7 are the same or different and may be hydrogen, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-trichloro-t-butoxycarbonyl, f is an integer from 0 to 12, with the proviso that when B is the substituted piperazine moiety ##STR5## then f is an integer from 2 to 12, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,137 and incorporated by reference; ##STR6## wherein R8 is hydrogen, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-12 straight or branched chain alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phthaloyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, p-toluyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, or 2,2,2-tri-chloro-t-butoxycarbonyl, R9 is hydrogen or a C1 -C12 straight or branched chain alkyl, and g is 2 to 6, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,137 and incorporated by reference ##STR7## wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a straight chain or branched chain C1 -C12 alkyl group and a benzyl group, with the proviso that no branch occur on the alpha carbon atom, or else R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom they are bonded to form a heterocyclic group, preferably a pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino or morpholino group, M+x is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, and x is the valence of the cation, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,705 and incorporated by reference;
K (M).sup.x'.sub.x (L).sub.y (R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N-N.sub.2 O.sub.2).sub.z !(VI)
wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable metal, or, where x is at least two, a mixture of two different pharmaceutically acceptable metals, L is a ligand different from (R1 R2 N-N2 O2) and is bound to at least one metal, R1 and R2 are each organic moieties and may be the same or different (with the proviso that where M is copper, x is one, L is methanol, and y is one, that at least one of R1 or R2 is not ethyl), x is an integer of from 1 to 10, x' is the formal oxidation state of the metal M, and is an integer of from 1 to 6, y is an integer of from 1 to 18, and where y is at least 2, the ligands L may be the same or different, z is an integer of from 1 to 20, and K is a pharmaceutically acceptable counterion to render the compound neutral to the extent necessary, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,675 and incorporated by reference; and
 R-N(H)N(NO)O-!.sub.y X                                    (VII)
wherein R is C2-8 lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or C3-8 cycoloalkyl, any of which R groups may be substituted by one to three substituents, which are the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C1-8 alkoxy, -NH2, -C(O)NH2, -CH(O), -C(O)OH, and -NO2, X is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, a pharmaceutically acceptable metal center, or a pharmaceutically acceptable organic group selected from the group consisting of C1-8 lower alkyl, -C(O)CH3, and -C(O)NH2, and y is one to three, consistent with the valence of X, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,954,526 and incorporated by reference; ##STR8## wherein R1 and R2 are independently chosen from C1-2 straight chain alkyl, C1-12 alkoxy or acyloxy substituted straight chain alkyl, C2-12 hydroxy or halo substituted straight chain alkyl, C3-12 branched chain alkyl, C3-12 hydroxy, halo, alkoxy, or acyloxy substituted branched chain alkyl, C3-12 straight chain olefinic and C3-12 branched chain olefinic which are unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy, halo or benzyl, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form a heterocyclic group, preferably a pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino or morpholino group, and R3 is a group selected from C1-12 straight chain and C3-12 branched chain alkyl which are unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, halo, acyloxy or alkoxy, C2-12 straight chain or C3-12 branched chain olefinic which are unsubstituted or substituted by halo, alkoxy, acyloxy or hydroxy, C1-12 unsubstituted or substituted acyl, sulfonyl and carboxamido; or R3 is a group of the formula -(CH2)n -ON═N(O)NR1 R2, wherein n is an integer of 2-8, and R1 and R2 are as defined above; with the proviso that R1, R2 and R3 do not contain a halo or a hydroxy substituent α to a heteroatom, as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 07/764,908 filed Sep. 24, 1991, abandoned.
Any of a wide variety of polymers can be used in the context of the present invention. It is only necessary that the polymer selected is biologically acceptable. Illustrative of polymers suitable for use in the present invention are polyolefins, such as polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluorethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyvinylchloride, derivatized polyolefins such as polyethylenimine, polyethers, polyesters, polyamides such as nylon, polyurethanes, biopolymers such as peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, antibodies and nucleic acids, starburst dendrimers, and the like.
The physical and structural characteristics of the polymers suitable for use in the present invention are not narrowly critical, but rather will depend on the end use application. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that where the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention are intended for topical, dermal, percutaneous, or similar use, they need not be biodegradable. For some uses, such as ingestion or the like, it may be desirable that the polymer of the polymer-bound compositions slowly dissolves in a physiological environment or that it is biodegradable.
The polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing compositions of the present invention will find utility in a wide variety of applications and in a wide variety of forms depending on the biological disorder to be treated. For example, the polymer may itself be structurally sufficient to serve as an implant, patch, stent or the like. Further, by way of illustration, the polymer-bound composition may be incorporated into other polymer matrices, substrates or the like, or it may be microencapsulated, or the like.
The nitric oxide-releasing complexes having N2 O2 - functional groups, including the compounds described above, may be bound to the polymer support in a number of different ways. For example, the compounds described above may be bound to the polymer by coprecipitation of such compounds with the polymer. Coprecipitation involves, for example, solubilizing both the polymer and the nitric oxide/nucleophile compound and evaporating the solvent.
Alternatively, nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional groups may be bound to the polymer by formation of a nitric oxide/nucleophile complex of the types and having the formulas of those described above, in situ on the polymer. The N2 O2 - functional group may be attached to an atom in the backbone of the polymer, or it may be attached to a group pendant to the polymer backbone, or it may simply be entrapped in the polymer matrix. Where the N2 O2 - functional group is in the polymer backbone, the polymer includes in its backbone sites which are capable of reacting with nitric oxide to bind the nitric oxide for future release. For example, where the polymer is polyethylenimine, the polymer includes nucleophilic nitrogen atoms which react with nitric oxide to form the N2 O2 - functional group at the nitrogen in the backbone. Where the N2 O2 - functional group is a group pendant to the polymer backbone, the polymer contains, or is derivatized with, a suitable nucleophilic residue capable of reacting with nitric oxide to form the N2 O2 - functionality. Reaction of the polymer which contains a suitable nucleophilic residue, or of the suitably derivatized polymer with nitric oxide thus provides a polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group. To form the polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional group, it is generally preferred to impart a net charge to the polymer near the site on the polymer where the N2 O2 - functional group is to be formed.
The polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile compositions of the present invention have a wide range of biological utility. In view of the growing awareness that nitric oxide is an especially versatile and important bioeffective species, having been implicated mechanistically in such critical bodily functions as vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and the immunological response (Moncada et al., Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 109-142, 1991), the compositions of the present invention find utility in applications where nitric oxide release is needed. For example, the polymer-bound nitric oxide releasing N2 O2 - functional groups may be implanted into neoplastic tissue to arrest tumor growth.
The following are further illustrative of, and not in any way in limitation of, the broad uses and applications of the polymer-bound compositions of this invention. Thus, for example, in view of dramatic but short-lived pulmonary vaso-and bronchodilatory properties exhibited by nitric oxide (Roberts et al., Circulation (Suppl. II) 84:A1279, 1991), administration of polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions into the lungs in aerosolized form may be used in treating a variety of pulmonary disorders. Oral dosage forms for long-lived drugs containing anionic N2 O2 - functional groups that survive the acid conditions of the stomach may be used for the treatment of hypertension. Since natural, endogenous nitric oxide has been identified as an effector of penile erection (Blakeslee, N.Y. Times, Jan. 9, 1992, page A1), the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention may be incorporated into suitable penile implants, dermal patches or condoms for treatment of impotence in men. The ability of certain monomeric nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts to inhibit platelet aggregation coupled with their demonstrated cytostatic activity allows for an invaluable two-pronged approach to prevention of restenosis following angioplasty; stents fabricated with polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group compositions may be used both to inhibit cell division in areas with damaged endothelium and to prevent adhesion of platelets at these locations as well, minimizing the risk of recurring blockage. With an inverse relationship between generation of nitric oxide by tumor cells and their metastatic potential having been proposed (Radomski et al., Cancer Res. 51, 6073-6078, 1991), polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile compositions may be used to reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. Similarly, it is contemplated that the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions of the present invention may be used to coat prostheses and medical implants, such as breast implants, prior to surgical connection to the body as a means of reducing the risk of solid state carcinogenlsis associated therewith. With nitric oxide being additionally implicated in gastric motility, neurotransmission, nociception, and other natural roles, the compositions of this invention may be used for those applications as well.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that suitable methods of administering the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group compositions of the present invention to an animal are available, and, although more than one route can be used to administer a particular composition, a particular route can provide a more immediate and more effective reaction than another route. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also well-known to those who are skilled in the art. The choice of carrier will be determined in part by the particular composition, as well as by the particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there is a wide variety of suitable formulations of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
Formulations suitable for oral administration can consist of (a) liquid solutions, such as an effective amount of the polymer-bound composition dissolved in diluents, such as water or saline, (b) capsules, sachets or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as solids or granules, (c) suspensions in an appropriate liquid, and (d) suitable emulsions. Tablet forms can include one or more of lactose, mannitol, corn starch, potato starch, microcrystalline cellulose, acacia, gelatin, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, talc, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and other excipients, colorants, diluents, buffering agents, moistening agents, preservatives, flavoring agents, and pharmacologically compatible carriers. Lozenge forms can comprise the active ingredient in a flavor, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, as well as pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia emulsions, gels, and the like containing, in addition to the active ingredient, such carriers as are known in the art.
The polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing compositions of the present invention, alone or in combination with other suitable components, can be made into aerosol formulations to be administered via inhalation. These aerosol formulations can be placed into pressurized acceptable propellants, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen, and the like.
Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous, isotonic sterile injection solutions, which can contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient, and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions that can include suspending agents, solubilizers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and preservatives. The formulations can be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampules and vials, and can be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, water, for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described.
The dose administered to an animal, particularly a human, in the context of the present invention should be sufficient to effect a therapeutic response in the animal over a reasonable time frame. The dose will be determined by the strength of the particular compositions employed and the condition of the animal, as well as the body weight of the animal to be treated. The size of the dose also will be determined by the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side-effects that might accompany the administration of a particular composition.
The following examples further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the scope thereof.
EXAMPLES
The preparation and characterization of polymers containing the nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - functional group are illustrated in the following examples:
Example I
This Example illustrates the formation of a polymer containing nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 - groups that are attached to nucleophile residues pendant the polymer backbone.
A slurry of 3.0 g chloromethylated polystyrene (1% divinylbenzene; 1.09 mEq C1 per gram; 200-400 mesh; Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, Pa.) in 20 mL n-propyl-1,3-propanediamine was warmed to 60° C. in an oil bath and swirled periodically for 5 days. The polymer was then filtered, washed repeatedly with water then methanol and finally dichloromethane and dried in vacuo for 24 hrs. Elemental analysis showed this material to be 2.21% nitrogen indicating that approximately 80% of the chlorines had been replaced by propylpropanediamino groups. A slurry of 1.0 g of the resulting aminopolystyrene in 50 mL acetonitrile was placed under 5 atmospheres nitric oxide in a Parr apparatus and shaken intermittently for 3 days. This was filtered and dried in vacuo to yield 0.84 g of cream colored polymer. The elemental analysis suggested that approximately one-third of the amino side chains became attached to N2 O2 - groups under these conditions.
Using the procedure of Maragos et al. (J. Med. Chem. 34, 3242-3247, 1991) it was demonstrated that nitric oxide can be recovered from the polymer described in this Example. The amount of nitric oxide regenerated when the polymer of Example I was treated with acid was measured with a chemiluminescence detector. The solid sample was placed in a reactor vessel, which was then purged continuously with helium such that the effluent gases were swept into a nitric oxide-selective Thermal Energy Analyzer Model 502 (Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.). The observed detector response as a function of time is illustrated in FIG. 1. As can be seen, only small amounts of nitric oxide were evolved from the solid itself, but when 2 mL of 10 mM sulfuric acid was injected via a septum, a sudden pulse of nitric oxide appeared. Integration of this apparently first order generation of nitric oxide over time indicated that 11 nmol of nitric oxide was recovered from 1 mg of polymer.
The reaction was repeated using 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 in place of the sulfuric acid to verify the slow release of nitric oxide at physiological pH. The chemiluminescence detector showed that nitric oxide was generated very much more slowly.
Example II
This Example illustrates the preparation of a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile complex by coprecipitation of a monomeric form thereof with a polymer.
One gram of polymer poly(lactide/glycolide, 50:50) from MediSorb! was dissolved in 2 mL of THF. To the solution was added 300 mg of H2 N(CH2)2 !2 N-N2 O2 H, zwitterionic form, and the mixture was stirred under an argon stream to remove solvent slowly until the mixture became too viscous to stir. The mixture was then placed in a vacuum oven (ca 1 mm) at 30° C. for 5 hours to remove the residual solvent. The mixture was finally pressed on a carver press at 20,000 lbs. at 140° F. for 5 minutes. A film of 1"×1" with thickness of 44 mills was thus prepared. Using the procedure described above, nitric oxide was recovered from this polymer on treatment with acid at the rate of 8 nmol/mg.
Example III
This Example illustrates the preparation of a polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct in which the N2 O2 - group is bound directly to an atom in the polymer backbone.
A slurry of 10.0 g polyethylenimine on silica gel (Aldrich) in 150 mL acetonitrile was stirred for 3 days under a nitric oxide pressure of 75-80 psig. The resulting orange solid was filtered, washed with CH3 CN then ether, and dried in vacuo for 6 h. Using the procedure described above, nitric oxide was recovered from this polymer on treatment with acid at the rate of 3 nmol/mg.
PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENT
In the test procedures utilized, thoracic aortic rings from New Zealand White rabbits were suspended in pH 7.4 buffer at 37° C. and a 10 g preload was applied to each. After equilibration for 2 hours, the rings were preconstricted with norepinephrine. The percent relaxation caused by adding the polymer-bound compositions of the present invention to the organ baths at successively increasing concentrations was measured.
A polymer film as described in Example II was cooled on dry ice and a small piece was sliced off. This was placed onto a piece of weighed filter paper, which was reweighed to determine the amount of material present. The paper was folded to entrap the polymer inside, grasped with a hemostat, and immersed into the 50-ml buffer bath containing the preconstricted aortic ring. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a piece of polymer weighing approximately 0.4 mg induced 30% relaxation in the ring, while 2.1 mg induced 80% relaxation. The data demonstrate that there was a positive response by the organ to the polymer-bound composition of this invention and that the response tended to increase as the dose administered was increased. Thus, the polymer-bound nucleophile/nitric oxide composition has a potent, dose-responsive cardiovascular effect.
The above experiment was repeated with the granular polymer produced in Example III. A similar effect was observed, though it was less potent because this polymer contained fewer NO-releasing N2 O2 - groups per gram than the polymer of Example II.
FIG. 3 illustrates the time course of vascular relaxation when different doses of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3 are first exposed to the aortic ring, causing relaxation, then withdrawn from the organ bath, allowing restriction to occur, then reintroduced into the organ bath, causing the vessel to dilate again. In this experiment, a 16-mg sample of the polymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing composition of Example 3 was immersed into the buffer bath. After 15% relaxation had been achieved, the sample was removed from the bath. Upon removal of the polymer-bound composition, the degree of relaxation fell to approximately 11% over about 5 min. The sample of the polymer-bound composition was then returned to the bath, and a doubling of the degree of relaxation to about 25% was observed.
This experiment illustrates that the pharmacological effects of the polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile composition of the present invention can be modulated as desired by controlling the extent and duration of contact between the polymer and the cells or tissues of interest. This feature is particularly advantageous, for example, to localize the effects of nitric oxide release to a specific target organ or situs.

Claims (17)

We claim:
1. An implant comprising a polymer capable of releasing nitric oxiae,
said polymer comprising a polymeric backbone selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, a polyether, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a peptide, a polyethyleneimine, and a starburst dendrimer, and at least one nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group bound to said polymer,
wherein said nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group is selected from the group consisting of X- -N(O)NO! and N(O)NO-!-X,
wherein X is an organic moiety covalently bonded to said -N(O)NO! or N(O)NO-!,
wherein the -N(O)NO! or N(O)NO-! group is covalently bonded in said polymer through said organic moiety X, and
wherein said implant is adapted to fit a mammalian body.
2. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is a breast implant.
3. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is a penile implant.
4. The implant of claim 1, wherein the organic moiety of said functional group is part of the polymer backbone.
5. The implant of claim 1, wherein the organic moiety of said functional group is part of a group pendant to said polymer backbone.
6. The implant of claim 1, wherein said polymeric backbone is a polyolefin.
7. The implant of claim 4, wherein said organic moiety X of the group X- -N(O)NO! is of an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine and derivatives thereof.
8. A prosthesis comprising a polymer capable of releasing nitric oxide,
said polymer comprising a polymeric backbone selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, a polyether, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a peptide, a polyethyleneimine, and a starburst dendrimer, and at least one nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group bound to said polymer,
wherein said nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group is selected from the group consisting of X- -N(O)NO! and N(O)NO-!-X,
wherein X is an organic moiety covalently bonded to said -N(O)NO! or N(O)NO-!,
wherein the -N(O)NO! or N(O)NO-! group is covalently bonded in said polymer through said organic moiety X, and wherein said prosthesis is adapted to fit a mammalian body.
9. The prosthesis of claim 8, wherein the organic moiety of said functional group is part of the polymer backbone.
10. The prosthesis of claim 8, wherein the organic moiety of said functional group is part of a group pendant to said polymer backbone.
11. The prosthesis of claim 9, wherein said organic moiety X of the group X- -N(O)NO! is of an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine and derivatives thereof.
12. A stent comprising a polymer capable of releasing nitric oxide,
said polymer comprising a polymeric backbone selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, a polyether, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a peptide, a polyethyleneimine, and a starburst dendrimer, and at least one nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group bound to said polymer,
wherein said nitric oxide-releasing N2 O2 ! functional group is selected from the group consisting of X- -N(O)NO! and N(O)NO-!-X,
wherein X is an organic moiety covalently bonded to said -N (O) NO! or N(O) NO-!,
wherein the -N(O)NO! or N(O)NO-! group is covalently bonded in said polymer through said organic moiety X, and
wherein said prosthesis is adapted to fit a mammalian body.
13. The stent of claim 12, wherein the organic moiety X of said functional group is part of the polymer backbone.
14. The stent of claim 12, wherein the organic moiety of said functional group is part of a group pendant to said polymer backbone.
15. The stent of claim 13, wherein said organic moiety X of the group X- -N(O)NO! is of an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine and derivatives thereof.
16. The prosthesis of claim 10, wherein said organic moiety X of the group X- -N(O)NO! is of an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine and derivatives thereof.
17. The stent of claim 14, wherein said organic moiety X of the group X- -N(O)NO! is of an amine selected from the group consisting of a primary amine, a secondary amine, a polyamine and derivatives thereof.
US08/417,917 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide Expired - Fee Related US5676963A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/417,917 US5676963A (en) 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/935,565 US5405919A (en) 1992-08-24 1992-08-24 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders
US08/417,917 US5676963A (en) 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/935,565 Division US5405919A (en) 1992-08-24 1992-08-24 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5676963A true US5676963A (en) 1997-10-14

Family

ID=25467360

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/935,565 Expired - Lifetime US5405919A (en) 1992-08-24 1992-08-24 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders
US08/417,913 Expired - Fee Related US5718892A (en) 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same
US08/417,917 Expired - Fee Related US5676963A (en) 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide
US09/013,349 Expired - Lifetime US6110453A (en) 1992-08-24 1998-01-26 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/935,565 Expired - Lifetime US5405919A (en) 1992-08-24 1992-08-24 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders
US08/417,913 Expired - Fee Related US5718892A (en) 1992-08-24 1995-04-06 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/013,349 Expired - Lifetime US6110453A (en) 1992-08-24 1998-01-26 Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (4) US5405919A (en)

Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6171232B1 (en) * 1997-06-26 2001-01-09 Cordis Corporation Method for targeting in vivo nitric oxide release
US6218016B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-04-17 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Lubricious, drug-accommodating coating
US6270779B1 (en) 2000-05-10 2001-08-07 United States Of America Nitric oxide-releasing metallic medical devices
US20030064115A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-04-03 Fine David H. Nitric oxide delivery system
US6645518B2 (en) 1998-09-29 2003-11-11 Eugene Tedeschi Uses for medical devices having a lubricious, nitric oxide-releasing coating
WO2004012874A1 (en) 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 The Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Dept. Of Health And Human Services Cross-linked nitric oxide-releasing polyamine coated substrates, compositions comprising same and method of making same
US20040043068A1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2004-03-04 Eugene Tedeschi Uses for medical devices having a lubricious, nitric oxide-releasing coating
US6703046B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2004-03-09 Medtronic Ave Inc. Highly cross-linked, extremely hydrophobic nitric oxide-releasing polymers and methods for their manufacture and use
US6706274B2 (en) 2001-01-18 2004-03-16 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Differential delivery of nitric oxide
US20040228902A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-18 Medtronic, Inc. Moisture curable materials for delivery of agents, methods, and medical devices
US20050171066A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2005-08-04 Paul Shami Vivo use of glutathione s-transferase activated nitric oxide donors
EP1595573A3 (en) * 1996-08-30 2005-12-14 Duke University Stent comprising manipulators of nitrosative stress to reduce restenosis
US20060039950A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Zhengrong Zhou Multi-functional biocompatible coatings for intravascular devices
US20060048779A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-09 Rounbehler David R Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
WO2006037105A2 (en) 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Department Of Health And Human Services Nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolated acrylonitrile-based polymers, and compositions, medical devices, and uses thereof
WO2006066362A1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 The University Of Queensland Methods of treating pain
WO2006100156A2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Nolabs Ab Intravascular, interstitial or intraorgan medical access device, and manufacturing method thereof, involving nitric oxide
US20070087025A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2007-04-19 Anthony Fitzhugh Reiteratively layered medical devices and method of preparing same
US20070196327A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-08-23 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric oxide releasing polymers
US20070243224A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Ludwig Florian N Methods and compositions for treatment of lesioned sites of body vessels
US20070286840A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-12-13 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymers
US20080241208A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-10-02 Charles Shanley Methods, Compositions and Devices For Promoting Anglogenesis
US20080262330A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-10-23 Reynolds Melissa M Analyte Sensors and Compositions for Use Therein
US20080306012A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2008-12-11 Government Of The United States Of America, Repres Ented By The Secretary Of Department Of Health Polysaccharide-Derived Nitric Oxide-Releasing Carbon-Bound Diazeniumdiolates
US20080317874A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-12-25 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US7516742B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2009-04-14 Cardinal Health 207, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivery of inhaled nitric oxide to spontaneous-breathing and mechanically-ventilated patients with intermittent dosing
US7520866B2 (en) 2000-12-26 2009-04-21 Sensormedics Corporation Device and method for treatment of wounds with nitric oxide
US20090118819A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2009-05-07 Mc3, Inc. Nitric Oxide Coatings for Medical Devices
US7531133B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2009-05-12 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Use of nitric oxide gas in an extracorporeal circuitry to treat blood plasma
US7618594B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-11-17 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20090287072A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2009-11-19 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Polymer compositions, coatings and devices, and methods of making and using the same
US20100043787A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Fine David H Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US7846400B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2010-12-07 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices
US7862598B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-01-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide
US7897399B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-03-01 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Nitric oxide sensors and systems
US7914743B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2011-03-29 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20110082464A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-07 Arsenal Medical, Inc. Polymeric Implant Delivery System
US7955294B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2011-06-07 Sensormedics Corporation Intermittent dosing of nitric oxide gas
US7975699B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-07-12 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Condoms configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide
US20110182978A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2011-07-28 University Of Utah Research Foundation Activated nitric oxide donors and methods of making and using thereof
US20110220103A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-09-15 Geno Llc Nitric oxide delivery system
US8067025B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2011-11-29 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Nitric oxide generating medical devices
US8079998B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2011-12-20 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Methods and devices for the delivery of therapeutic gases including nitric oxide
US8137396B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2012-03-20 480 Biomedical, Inc Medical implant
US8221690B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2012-07-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Systems and devices that utilize photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US8282967B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2012-10-09 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US8518457B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2013-08-27 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Use of inhaled gaseous nitric oxide as a mucolytic agent or expectorant
US8540765B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2013-09-24 480 Biomedical, Inc. Medical implant
US8591876B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2013-11-26 Novan, Inc. Methods of decreasing sebum production in the skin
US20130317600A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2013-11-28 Maria Palasis Drug eluting medical implant
US8642093B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2014-02-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US8877508B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2014-11-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide
US8980332B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2015-03-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US8981139B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-03-17 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Tertiary S-nitrosothiol-modified nitric—oxide-releasing xerogels and methods of using the same
US8992601B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2015-03-31 480 Biomedical, Inc. Medical implants
EP2982386A1 (en) 2014-08-05 2016-02-10 Christian Schrank Breast implant comprising a nitric oxide releasing material
US9309347B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2016-04-12 Biomedical, Inc. Bioresorbable thermoset polyester/urethane elastomers
CN105899244A (en) * 2013-11-14 2016-08-24 pfm医用钛有限公司 Polyurethane having an antithrombogenic coating
US9526738B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2016-12-27 Novan, Inc. Topical gels and methods of using the same
US9919072B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2018-03-20 Novan, Inc. Wound dressings, methods of using the same and methods of forming the same
US10080823B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2018-09-25 Gearbox Llc Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices
US10568994B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2020-02-25 480 Biomedical Inc. Drug-eluting medical implants
US11925764B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2024-03-12 Vero Biotech Inc. Nitric oxide therapies

Families Citing this family (170)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5380758A (en) * 1991-03-29 1995-01-10 Brigham And Women's Hospital S-nitrosothiols as smooth muscle relaxants and therapeutic uses thereof
US5811447A (en) 1993-01-28 1998-09-22 Neorx Corporation Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells
US6515009B1 (en) 1991-09-27 2003-02-04 Neorx Corporation Therapeutic inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cells
US5814666A (en) * 1992-04-13 1998-09-29 The United States As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Encapsulated and non-encapsulated nitric oxide generators used as antimicrobial agents
US5632981A (en) * 1992-08-24 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Biopolymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same
US6200558B1 (en) 1993-09-14 2001-03-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Biopolymer-bound nitric oxide-releasing compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same
US5910316A (en) * 1992-08-24 1999-06-08 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Use of nitric oxide-releasing agents to treat impotency
US5405919A (en) * 1992-08-24 1995-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders
US5691423A (en) * 1992-08-24 1997-11-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Polysaccharide-bound nitric oxide-nucleophile adducts
US5861168A (en) * 1993-06-11 1999-01-19 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Intramural delivery of nitric oxide enhancer for inhibiting lesion formation after vascular injury
US5891459A (en) * 1993-06-11 1999-04-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Enhancement of vascular function by modulation of endogenous nitric oxide production or activity
US6255277B1 (en) 1993-09-17 2001-07-03 Brigham And Women's Hospital Localized use of nitric oxide-adducts to prevent internal tissue damage
US6087479A (en) 1993-09-17 2000-07-11 Nitromed, Inc. Localized use of nitric oxide-adducts to prevent internal tissue damage
US5681278A (en) * 1994-06-23 1997-10-28 Cormedics Corp. Coronary vasculature treatment method
US6190704B1 (en) * 1994-09-23 2001-02-20 New York Society For The Ruptured And Crippled Maintaining The Hospital For Special Surgery Regulation of wound healing by nitric oxide
US20110196039A9 (en) * 1994-10-05 2011-08-11 Kaesemeyer Wayne H Controlled release arginine formulations
US6425881B1 (en) * 1994-10-05 2002-07-30 Nitrosystems, Inc. Therapeutic mixture useful in inhibiting lesion formation after vascular injury
GB9423868D0 (en) * 1994-11-25 1995-01-11 Wellcome Found Compounds for use in medicine
US5665077A (en) * 1995-04-24 1997-09-09 Nitrosci Pharmaceuticals Llc Nitric oxide-releasing nitroso compositions and methods and intravascular devices for using them to prevent restenosis
US5900433A (en) * 1995-06-23 1999-05-04 Cormedics Corp. Vascular treatment method and apparatus
US5714511A (en) * 1995-07-31 1998-02-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Selective prevention of organ injury in sepsis and shock using selection release of nitric oxide in vulnerable organs
US6197745B1 (en) 1995-09-15 2001-03-06 Duke University Methods for producing nitrosated hemoglobins and therapeutic uses therefor
US6911427B1 (en) 1995-09-15 2005-06-28 Duke University No-modified hemoglobins and uses therefore
US6916471B2 (en) * 1995-09-15 2005-07-12 Duke University Red blood cells loaded with S-nitrosothiol and uses therefor
US6855691B1 (en) 1995-09-15 2005-02-15 Duke University Methods for producing and using S-nitrosohemoglobins
US6153186A (en) 1995-09-15 2000-11-28 Duke University Medical Center Red blood cells loaded with S-nitrosothiol and uses therefor
US6627738B2 (en) * 1995-09-15 2003-09-30 Duke University No-modified hemoglobins and uses therefor
JP4341986B2 (en) * 1996-02-15 2009-10-14 インターフェイス バイオロジックス インコーポレイテッド Bioresponsive, pharmacologically active polymers and articles made therefrom
JP2000511161A (en) * 1996-05-24 2000-08-29 アンジオテック ファーマシュウティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド Compositions and methods for treating or preventing diseases of the body passages
US5770645A (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-06-23 Duke University Medical Center Polymers for delivering nitric oxide in vivo
US6232434B1 (en) * 1996-08-02 2001-05-15 Duke University Medical Center Polymers for delivering nitric oxide in vivo
US5797887A (en) * 1996-08-27 1998-08-25 Novovasc Llc Medical device with a surface adapted for exposure to a blood stream which is coated with a polymer containing a nitrosyl-containing organo-metallic compound which releases nitric oxide from the coating to mediate platelet aggregation
US20030093143A1 (en) * 1999-03-01 2003-05-15 Yiju Zhao Medical device having surface depressions containing nitric oxide releasing compound
US6057367A (en) 1996-08-30 2000-05-02 Duke University Manipulating nitrosative stress to kill pathologic microbes, pathologic helminths and pathologically proliferating cells or to upregulate nitrosative stress defenses
EP2292630B1 (en) 1996-09-27 2015-11-25 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services O2-substituted 1- (2-carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates
US5919135A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-07-06 Lemelson; Jerome System and method for treating cellular disorders in a living being
US6027713A (en) * 1997-03-06 2000-02-22 Meri Charmyne Russell Composition and method for the treatment of exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage
US7985415B2 (en) * 1997-09-10 2011-07-26 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Medical devices employing novel polymers
US7629384B2 (en) * 1997-09-17 2009-12-08 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Topical delivery of L-arginine to cause beneficial effects
US6207713B1 (en) * 1997-09-17 2001-03-27 Eric T. Fossel Topical and oral delivery of arginine to cause beneficial effects
US7914814B2 (en) * 1997-09-17 2011-03-29 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Topical delivery of arginine of cause beneficial effects
US5994444A (en) * 1997-10-16 1999-11-30 Medtronic, Inc. Polymeric material that releases nitric oxide
US5962520A (en) * 1998-04-02 1999-10-05 The University Of Akron Hydrolytically unstable, biocompatible polymer
US6261594B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-07-17 The University Of Akron Chitosan-based nitric oxide donor compositions
AU774185B2 (en) * 1999-06-05 2004-06-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Method and composition for inhibiting cardiovascular cell proliferation
EP2275152A1 (en) 1999-07-08 2011-01-19 CAP Biotechnology, Inc. Calcium-containing structures and methods of making and using the same
WO2001010344A1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2001-02-15 C.R. Bard, Inc. Nitric oxide releasing medical devices
US6613432B2 (en) * 1999-12-22 2003-09-02 Biosurface Engineering Technologies, Inc. Plasma-deposited coatings, devices and methods
WO2001092215A2 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Us Health Superoxide-generating diazeniumdiolates, compositions comprising same, and methods for using same
US6410622B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-06-25 Gregory W. Endres Method of preventing fouling organisms in marine environments and polymer-bound nitric oxide/nitric oxide-releasing compositions usable therefor
US6797743B2 (en) * 2000-09-27 2004-09-28 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Antimicrobial polymer
US20050043506A1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2005-02-24 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Polyamide materials based on unsaturated carboxylic acids and amines
SE0004026D0 (en) * 2000-11-03 2000-11-03 Peter Wiklund New use
AU2002228652A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-06-03 The University Of Akron Treatment of disorders using polyethylenimine diazeniumdiolate
US6692458B2 (en) * 2000-12-19 2004-02-17 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Intra-pericardial drug delivery device with multiple balloons and method for angiogenesis
CA2349989A1 (en) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-07 Paul J. Santerre Bioactive surface modifiers for polymers and articles made therefrom
US6939554B2 (en) * 2002-02-05 2005-09-06 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Antimicrobial polymer
AU2003220363A1 (en) 2002-03-20 2003-10-08 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Conductive polymer-based material
US7070798B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-07-04 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coatings for implantable medical devices incorporating chemically-bound polymers and oligomers of L-arginine
US7033602B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-04-25 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Polycationic peptide coatings and methods of coating implantable medical devices
US6994867B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-02-07 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Biocompatible carrier containing L-arginine
US7056523B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-06-06 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Implantable medical devices incorporating chemically conjugated polymers and oligomers of L-arginine
US7217426B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2007-05-15 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coatings containing polycationic peptides for cardiovascular therapy
US8506617B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2013-08-13 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Micronized peptide coated stent
US7011842B1 (en) 2002-06-21 2006-03-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Polycationic peptide coatings and methods of making the same
US7794743B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2010-09-14 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Polycationic peptide coatings and methods of making the same
US20080138377A1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2008-06-12 Celonova Biosciences, Inc. Vasodilator Eluting Luminal Stent Devices With A Specific Polyphosphazene Coating and Methods for Their Manufacture and Use
US6949530B2 (en) * 2002-07-18 2005-09-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Nitric oxide-releasing amidine diazeniumdiolates, compositions and uses thereof and method of making same
US20050080021A1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2005-04-14 Joseph Tucker Nitric oxide donating derivatives of stilbenes, polyphenols and flavonoids for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders
US20040033480A1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2004-02-19 Wong Norman C.W. Use of resveratrol to regulate expression of apolipoprotein A1
US20050080024A1 (en) * 2002-08-15 2005-04-14 Joseph Tucker Nitric oxide donating derivatives for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders
US6951902B2 (en) 2002-08-16 2005-10-04 Michigan Biotechnology Institute Two dimensional polymer that generates nitric oxide
CN1735404A (en) * 2002-11-18 2006-02-15 波利梅里斯公司 Medical devices employing novel polymers
US7094256B1 (en) 2002-12-16 2006-08-22 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Coatings for implantable medical device containing polycationic peptides
DK1624953T3 (en) * 2003-04-23 2019-04-01 Univ Akron Sequestered reactive materials
AU2004253749B2 (en) * 2003-07-03 2010-04-01 The University Court Of The University Of St Andrews Zeolites for delivery of nitric oxide
ES2294543T3 (en) 2003-07-09 2008-04-01 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Heal USE OF NITRILE SALTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AFFECTIONS.
US20050074506A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-04-07 Brainsgate Ltd. Targeted release of nitric oxide in the CNS circulation for modulating the BBB and treating disorders
US7569559B2 (en) * 2004-02-09 2009-08-04 Noxilizer, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing molecules
ES2421142T3 (en) * 2004-02-23 2013-08-29 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Topical administration of a nitric oxide donor to improve body and skin appearance
US20050192210A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-01 Rothbard Jonathan B. Compositions and methods for treating diseases
US20110028548A1 (en) * 2004-04-19 2011-02-03 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Beneficial effects of increasing local blood flow
US9226909B2 (en) 2004-04-19 2016-01-05 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Beneficial effects of increasing local blood flow
US20090105336A1 (en) * 2004-04-19 2009-04-23 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Beneficial Effects of Increasing Local Blood Flow
EP1737429B1 (en) * 2004-04-19 2013-07-17 Strategic Science & Technologies, LLC Transdermal delivery of beneficial substances effected by a high ionic strength environment
CN1972723A (en) * 2004-04-29 2007-05-30 库比医药公司 A balloon for use in angioplasty with an outer layer of nanofibers
US9050393B2 (en) * 2005-02-08 2015-06-09 Bruce N. Saffran Medical devices and methods for modulation of physiology using device-based surface chemistry
WO2006084911A2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Nolabs Ab Improved device for application of medicaments, manufacturing method therefor, and method of treatment
ATE407708T1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2008-09-15 Nolabs Ab DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING DERMATOMYCOSES AND IN PARTICULAR ONYCHOMYCOSES
DE602006007808D1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2009-08-27 Nolabs Ab DEVICE, METHOD AND USE FOR TREATING NEUROPATHY WITH STAIN OXIDE
EP1700611A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-09-13 NOLabs AB Device for treatment of disorders in the oral cavity, and manufacturing process for the same
WO2006100154A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Nolabs Ab Cosmetic treatment with nitric oxide, device for performing said treatment and manufacturing method therefor
EP1704876A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 NOLabs AB Cosmetic treatment, device for performing said treatment and manufacturing method thereof
WO2006100155A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Nolabs Ab Device for wound care, and manufacturing method thereof, involving the use of nitric oxide
EP1704877A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 NOLabs AB A wound care device comprising a nitric oxide eluting polymer
WO2007024501A2 (en) * 2005-08-25 2007-03-01 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing biodegradable polymers useful as medical devices and coatings therefore
US20070053952A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing polymers derived from modified polymers
EP1764119A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-21 NOLabs AB Implants with improved osteointegration
US20090010989A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2009-01-08 N0Labs Ab Coating For Implants and Implants With Improved Osteointegration, and Manufacturing Method
CN101374885A (en) * 2006-01-27 2009-02-25 西巴控股公司 Polymeric anti-microbial agents
US8241619B2 (en) * 2006-05-15 2012-08-14 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Hindered amine nitric oxide donating polymers for coating medical devices
US9259535B2 (en) 2006-06-22 2016-02-16 Excelsior Medical Corporation Antiseptic cap equipped syringe
US11229746B2 (en) 2006-06-22 2022-01-25 Excelsior Medical Corporation Antiseptic cap
US8636995B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2014-01-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and devices to regulate stem cell homing
US8372399B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2013-02-12 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Bispecific antibodies and agents to enhance stem cell homing
US20080058922A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-06 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Methods and devices employing vap-1 inhibitors
US20110190604A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2011-08-04 Hyde Roderick A Nitric oxide sensors and systems
US7811600B2 (en) * 2007-03-08 2010-10-12 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Nitric oxide donating medical devices and methods of making same
EP2142179B1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2017-04-26 BSN medical GmbH Topical dermal delivery device for nitric oxide delivery
WO2008150505A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-11 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compounds, polymers and methods for treating gastrointestinal dysfunction
US8273828B2 (en) 2007-07-24 2012-09-25 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Methods for introducing reactive secondary amines pendant to polymers backbones that are useful for diazeniumdiolation
US20090112055A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-04-30 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Sleeves configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide
US20090196930A1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-08-06 Aires Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosolized nitrite and nitric oxide -donating compounds and uses thereof
US20090222088A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Secondary Amine Containing Nitric Oxide Releasing Polymer Composition
US20090232868A1 (en) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-17 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Nitric Oxide Releasing Polymer Composition
US20090232863A1 (en) * 2008-03-17 2009-09-17 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Biodegradable Carbon Diazeniumdiolate Based Nitric Oxide Donating Polymers
EP2334279A4 (en) * 2008-10-16 2013-03-20 Novan Inc Nitric oxide releasing particles for oral care applications
US9078992B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2015-07-14 Pursuit Vascular, Inc. Medical device for applying antimicrobial to proximal end of catheter
US8158187B2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2012-04-17 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Dry diazeniumdiolation methods for producing nitric oxide releasing medical devices
US8425837B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2013-04-23 Noxilizer, Inc. Device and method for gas sterilization
US8709465B2 (en) 2009-04-13 2014-04-29 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Diazeniumdiolated phosphorylcholine polymers for nitric oxide release
EP2256195A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-12-01 Qiagen GmbH Nucleic acid purification method
EP2445492B1 (en) 2009-06-24 2016-09-28 Strategic Science & Technologies, LLC Topical composition containing ibuprofen
EP2445493A1 (en) 2009-06-24 2012-05-02 Strategic Science & Technologies, LLC Topical composition containing naproxen
US11684624B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2023-06-27 Strategic Science & Technologies, Llc Treatment of erectile dysfunction and other indications
BR112012008508A2 (en) * 2009-10-13 2017-06-13 Novan Inc sol-gel coating, substrate, method for producing a sol-gel coating
WO2011115804A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sgc stimulators
US20110301299A1 (en) 2010-06-08 2011-12-08 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Medical Devices and Polymers Therefor Having PTFE Surfaces Modified With Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymers
BR112012033341B1 (en) 2010-06-30 2022-08-23 Cyclerion Therapeutics, Inc SGC STIMULATORS
NZ609955A (en) 2010-11-09 2015-05-29 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc Sgc stimulators
CN105920603B (en) 2010-12-29 2022-02-11 战略科学与技术有限责任公司 Treatment of erectile dysfunction and other indications
CN103442723A (en) 2010-12-29 2013-12-11 战略科学与技术有限责任公司 Systems and methods for treatment of allergies and other indications
ES2804263T3 (en) 2011-07-05 2021-02-05 Novan Inc Topical compositions
CA2841832C (en) 2011-07-12 2019-06-04 Pursuit Vascular, Inc. Device for delivery of antimicrobial agent into a trans-dermal catheter
US20130046375A1 (en) 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Meng Chen Plasma modified medical devices and methods
EP2797915B1 (en) 2011-12-27 2016-07-13 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2-benzyl-3-(oxazole/thiazole)-5-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1(H)-pyrazole derivatives as stimulators of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) for the treatment of e.g. hypertension or heart failure
US9309235B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-04-12 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. SGC stimulators
US9487508B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2016-11-08 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. SGC stimulators
KR101351130B1 (en) * 2012-11-05 2014-01-15 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 Method for preparing coating film containing nitrogen monoxide using catecholamines in the surface of materials
US9855211B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2018-01-02 Novan, Inc. Topical compositions and methods of using the same
HUE059178T2 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-10-28 Cyclerion Therapeutics Inc Sgc stimulators
ES2836132T3 (en) 2013-08-08 2021-06-24 Novan Inc Topical compositions and methods of using them
AU2014345526B2 (en) 2013-11-07 2018-03-15 Bsn Medical Gmbh Medical dressing
WO2015089182A1 (en) 2013-12-11 2015-06-18 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sgc stimulators
EP3094327A1 (en) 2014-01-13 2016-11-23 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. USE OF sGC STIMULATORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
CN105813617B (en) 2014-08-08 2021-05-28 诺万公司 Topical compositions and methods of using the same
US10221257B2 (en) * 2014-08-14 2019-03-05 Rohm And Haas Company Polymer with releasable gas
MX2017003518A (en) 2014-09-17 2017-07-28 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc Sgc stimulators.
WO2016044445A2 (en) 2014-09-17 2016-03-24 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. sGC STIMULATORS
EP3194382B1 (en) 2014-09-17 2021-09-08 Cyclerion Therapeutics, Inc. Pyrazole derivatives as sgc stimulators
EP3294404A4 (en) 2015-05-08 2018-11-14 ICU Medical, Inc. Medical connectors configured to receive emitters of therapeutic agents
WO2016201237A1 (en) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Nitric oxide releasing plga microspheres for biomedical applications
WO2017151905A1 (en) 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 Novan, Inc. Compositions for treating inflammation and methods of treating the same
CN109310630A (en) 2016-04-13 2019-02-05 诺万公司 For treating composition, system, kit and the method for infection
EP3246050A1 (en) 2016-05-17 2017-11-22 BSN medical GmbH Wound or skin patch
CN109476686B (en) 2016-07-07 2022-01-18 赛克里翁治疗有限公司 Phosphorus prodrugs of sGC stimulators
KR20230074840A (en) 2016-07-07 2023-05-31 사이클리온 테라퓨틱스, 인크. Solid forms of an sgc stimulator
US11186681B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2021-11-30 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill S-Nitrosothiol-mediated hyperbranched polyesters
EP3525865B1 (en) 2016-10-14 2022-10-12 ICU Medical, Inc. Sanitizing caps for medical connectors
EP3565848A4 (en) 2017-01-03 2020-09-02 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing alginates as biodegradable antibacterial scaffolds and methods pertaining thereto
AU2018247167A1 (en) 2017-03-28 2019-09-26 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing polyaminoglycosides as biodegradable antibacterial scaffolds and methods pertaining thereto
WO2018204206A2 (en) 2017-05-01 2018-11-08 Icu Medical, Inc. Medical fluid connectors and methods for providing additives in medical fluid lines
CA3091458A1 (en) 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing cyclodextrins as biodegradable antibacterial scaffolds and methods pertaining thereto
US11541220B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2023-01-03 Icu Medical, Inc. Needleless connector with antimicrobial properties
US11517732B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2022-12-06 Icu Medical, Inc. Syringe with antimicrobial properties
US11534595B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2022-12-27 Icu Medical, Inc. Device for delivering an antimicrobial composition into an infusion device
US11400195B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2022-08-02 Icu Medical, Inc. Peritoneal dialysis transfer set with antimicrobial properties
US11541221B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2023-01-03 Icu Medical, Inc. Tubing set with antimicrobial properties
WO2020106985A1 (en) 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 Pursuit Vascular, Inc. Antimicrobial device comprising a cap with ring and insert
CA3124673A1 (en) 2018-12-28 2020-07-02 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing antibacterial polymers and scaffolds fabricated therefrom and methods pertaining thereto

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3153094A (en) * 1959-06-10 1964-10-13 Du Pont Nitrosamine manufacture
US4265714A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-05-05 General Electric Company Gas sensing and measuring device and process using catalytic graphite sensing electrode
DD211789A1 (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-07-25 Adw Ddr PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYHYDROXYPOLYMER ESTERS, ESPECIALLY CELLULOSE ESTERS
US4482533A (en) * 1982-01-11 1984-11-13 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Polymeric diffusion matrix containing propranolol
US4638079A (en) * 1985-01-17 1987-01-20 Mallinckrodt, Inc. Inhibiting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers
US4708854A (en) * 1986-03-10 1987-11-24 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the removal of NO from fluid streams using a water-soluble polymeric chelate of a polyvalent metal
WO1989012627A1 (en) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-28 Brigham And Women's Hospital S-nitroso derivatives of ace inhibitors and the use thereof
US4921683A (en) * 1989-06-20 1990-05-01 The Dow Chemical Company Nitric oxide abatement with polymeric cobalt(III) chelates
US4952289A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-08-28 Aquanautics Corporation Macrocyclic amine complexes for ligand extraction and generation
US4954526A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Stabilized nitric oxide - primary amine complexes useful as cardiovascular agents
US4985471A (en) * 1987-04-20 1991-01-15 Hitachi Chemical Company Ltd. Radiation curable pressure sensitive adhesive composition
EP0425154A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Dow Corning France S.A. Sustained release elements
US5039705A (en) * 1989-09-15 1991-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Anti-hypertensive compositions of secondary amine-nitric oxide adducts and use thereof
US5087631A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-02-11 Glaxo Inc. Oxathi(SIV)azol-5-one compounds
US5087671A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-02-11 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Polymers for scavenging nitrosating agents
US5094815A (en) * 1988-05-18 1992-03-10 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Photolytic interface for HPLC-chemiluminescence detection of non volatile N-nitroso compounds

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE211789C (en) *
US4298595A (en) * 1978-12-20 1981-11-03 Dynapol Pharmaceutical preparations containing a polymeric agent for releasing 5-aminosalicylic acid or its salts into the gastrointestinal tract
US4659558A (en) * 1982-03-22 1987-04-21 Alza Corporation Oral delivery system comprising a plurality of tiny pills for delivering drug in the stomach and intestine
US4460560A (en) * 1982-06-18 1984-07-17 University Of Southern California Drug delivery by polymeric carriers
DE3237387A1 (en) * 1982-10-08 1984-04-12 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden METHOD FOR REMOVING UNWANTED GAS-SHAPED COMPONENTS FROM HOT SMOKE GASES
GB8416234D0 (en) * 1984-06-26 1984-08-01 Ici Plc Biodegradable amphipathic copolymers
US4888413A (en) * 1988-01-11 1989-12-19 Domb Abraham J Poly(propylene glycol fumarate) compositions for biomedical applications
MY108621A (en) * 1990-08-01 1996-10-31 Novartis Ag Polylactide preparation and purification
US5155137A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-10-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Complexes of nitric oxide with polyamines
US5405919A (en) * 1992-08-24 1995-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating biological disorders
US5402919A (en) * 1994-06-01 1995-04-04 Atkinson; Robert L. Lever device to ease valve operation on liquid bag containers

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3153094A (en) * 1959-06-10 1964-10-13 Du Pont Nitrosamine manufacture
US4265714A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-05-05 General Electric Company Gas sensing and measuring device and process using catalytic graphite sensing electrode
US4482533A (en) * 1982-01-11 1984-11-13 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Polymeric diffusion matrix containing propranolol
DD211789A1 (en) * 1982-08-25 1984-07-25 Adw Ddr PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYHYDROXYPOLYMER ESTERS, ESPECIALLY CELLULOSE ESTERS
US4638079A (en) * 1985-01-17 1987-01-20 Mallinckrodt, Inc. Inhibiting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers
US4708854A (en) * 1986-03-10 1987-11-24 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the removal of NO from fluid streams using a water-soluble polymeric chelate of a polyvalent metal
US4985471A (en) * 1987-04-20 1991-01-15 Hitachi Chemical Company Ltd. Radiation curable pressure sensitive adhesive composition
US4952289A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-08-28 Aquanautics Corporation Macrocyclic amine complexes for ligand extraction and generation
US5094815A (en) * 1988-05-18 1992-03-10 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Photolytic interface for HPLC-chemiluminescence detection of non volatile N-nitroso compounds
WO1989012627A1 (en) * 1988-06-15 1989-12-28 Brigham And Women's Hospital S-nitroso derivatives of ace inhibitors and the use thereof
US4954526A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Stabilized nitric oxide - primary amine complexes useful as cardiovascular agents
US4921683A (en) * 1989-06-20 1990-05-01 The Dow Chemical Company Nitric oxide abatement with polymeric cobalt(III) chelates
US5039705A (en) * 1989-09-15 1991-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Anti-hypertensive compositions of secondary amine-nitric oxide adducts and use thereof
EP0425154A1 (en) * 1989-10-23 1991-05-02 Dow Corning France S.A. Sustained release elements
US5087671A (en) * 1990-06-25 1992-02-11 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Polymers for scavenging nitrosating agents
US5087631A (en) * 1990-12-18 1992-02-11 Glaxo Inc. Oxathi(SIV)azol-5-one compounds

Non-Patent Citations (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
1932 Der Raman Effekt als Grundlage einer organischem Spektralanalyse (I. Mitteil.), Birchkenbach, et al., Aus D. Chem. Institut D., Betgakademie Clausthal , Eingegaugen am 9, Juni. *
1932 Der Raman-Effekt als Grundlage einer organischem Spektralanalyse (I. Mitteil.), Birchkenbach, et al., Aus D. Chem. Institut D., Betgakademie Clausthal, Eingegaugen am 9, Juni.
1932 Uber Reaktionen und Eigenschaften des Stickoxyds und seiner Verbindungen, II. Mitteil: Zur Kenntnis der Salze Der stickoxyd schwefligen Saure, Heinz Gehlen, Aus D. Chem. Institut D. Universitat Konigsberg I. PR., Eingegaugen am 1. Juni. *
1932 Uber Reaktionen und Eigenschaften des Stickoxyds und seiner Verbindungen, II. Mitteil: Zur Kenntnis der Salze Der stickoxyd-schwefligen Saure, Heinz Gehlen, Aus D. Chem. Institut D. Universitat Konigsberg I. PR., Eingegaugen am 1. Juni.
1961 Article by Drago, et al., The Reaction of Nitrogen (II) Oxide with Various Primary and Secondary Amines, Journal of Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol. 83, Apr. 20. *
1961 Article by Drago, et al., The Reaction of Nitrogen (II) Oxide with Various Primary and Secondary Amines, Journal of Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 83, Apr. 20.
1962 Article by Drago, Reactions of Nitrogen (II) Oxide, Advances In Chemistry Series , No. 36. *
1962 Article by Drago, Reactions of Nitrogen (II) Oxide, Advances In Chemistry Series, No. 36.
1963 Article by Longhi, et al., Metal Containing Compounds of the Anion (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NN 2 O 2 , Insrg. Chem. , vol. 2, Feb.. *
1963 Article by Longhi, et al., Metal-Containing Compounds of the Anion (C2 H5)2 NN2 O2 -, Insrg. Chem., vol. 2, Feb..
1977 Article by Lutz, et al., Isolation of Trioxodinitrato (II) Complexes of Some First Row Transition Metal Ions, J.C.S. Chem. Comm. . *
1977 Article by Lutz, et al., Isolation of Trioxodinitrato (II) Complexes of Some First Row Transition Metal Ions, J.C.S. Chem. Comm..
1977 Article by Nakanishi, et al., Participation of Hydrocarbons in the Photodimerization of 3, 4 Dichlorocinnamic Acid, J.C.S. Chem. Comm. . *
1977 Article by Nakanishi, et al., Participation of Hydrocarbons in the Photodimerization of 3, 4-Dichlorocinnamic Acid, J.C.S. Chem. Comm..
1977 WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of Nitrogen , Environmental Health Criteria 4 (World Health Organization: Geneva). *
1977 WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of Nitrogen, Environmental Health Criteria 4 (World Health Organization: Geneva).
1981 Article by Holford, et al., Understanding the Dose Effect Relationship: Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Models, Clinical Pharmacokinetics , 6, 429 453. *
1981 Article by Holford, et al., Understanding the Dose-Effect Relationship: Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Models, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 6, 429-453.
1981 Article by Ignarro, et al., Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Organic Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitroprusside and Nitric Oxide: Evidence for the Involvement of S Nitrosothiols as Active Intermediates, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , 218, 739 749. *
1981 Article by Ignarro, et al., Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation by Organic Nitrates, Nitrites, Nitroprusside and Nitric Oxide: Evidence for the Involvement of S-Nitrosothiols as Active Intermediates, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 218, 739-749.
1981 Article by Middleton, et al., Further Studies on the Interaction of Nitric Oxide With Transition Metal Alkyls, J.C.S. Dalton , pp. 1898 1905, Feb. 6. *
1981 Article by Middleton, et al., Further Studies on the Interaction of Nitric Oxide With Transition-Metal Alkyls, J.C.S. Dalton, pp. 1898-1905, Feb. 6.
1982 Article by DeLuca, et al., Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice . *
1982 Article by DeLuca, et al., Parenteral Drug-Delivery Systems, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice.
1982 Article by Hansen, et al., N Nitrosation of Secondary Amines by Nitric Oxide Via the Drago Complex , IARC Sci. , Publ. No. 41 pp. 21 29. *
1982 Article by Hansen, et al., N-Nitrosation of Secondary Amines by Nitric Oxide Via the `Drago Complex`, IARC Sci., Publ. No. 41 pp. 21-29.
1984 Article by Furchgott, The Role of Endothelium in the Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle to Drugs, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol, Toxicol , 24:175 97. *
1984 Article by Furchgott, The Role of Endothelium in the Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle to Drugs, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol, Toxicol, 24:175-97.
1985 Article by Ignarro, et al., The Pharmacological and Physiological Role of Cyclic GMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 25, 171 191. *
1985 Article by Ignarro, et al., The Pharmacological and Physiological Role of Cyclic GMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 25, 171-191.
1986 Article by Trissel, Intravenous Infusion Solutions, Handbook on Injectable Drugs , Fourth Addition. *
1986 Article by Trissel, Intravenous Infusion Solutions, Handbook on Injectable Drugs, Fourth Addition.
1987 Article by Kruszyna, et al., Red Blood Cells Generate Nitric Oxide from Directly Acting, Nitrogenous Vasodilators, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 91, 429 438. *
1987 Article by Kruszyna, et al., Red Blood Cells Generate Nitric Oxide from Directly Acting, Nitrogenous Vasodilators, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 91, 429-438.
1987 Article by Palmer, et al., Nitric Oxide Release Accounts for the Biological Activity of Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor, Nature , vol. 327 11, Jun. *
1987 Article by Palmer, et al., Nitric Oxide Release Accounts for the Biological Activity of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor, Nature, vol. 327 11, Jun.
1987 Synthesis of 1 Alkoxy 3,3 Dialkyltriazene 2 Oxides from Alkoxyamines and Nitrosoamines, Artsybasheva, et al., A.A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University, Translated from Zhurhal Organicheskoi Khimii, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 1168 1173, Jun., Original article submitted May 28, 1986. *
1987 Synthesis of 1-Alkoxy-3,3-Dialkyltriazene 2-Oxides from Alkoxyamines and Nitrosoamines, Artsybasheva, et al., A.A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University, Translated from Zhurhal Organicheskoi Khimii, vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 1168-1173, Jun., Original article submitted May 28, 1986.
1988 Article by DeFeudis, Endothelium Dependent Vasorelaxation A New Basis for Developing Cardiovascular Drugs, Drugs of Today , vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 103 115. *
1988 Article by DeFeudis, Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation--A New Basis for Developing Cardiovascular Drugs, Drugs of Today, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 103-115.
1988 Article by Hibbs, Jr., et al., Nitric Oxide: A Cytotoxic Activated Macrophage Effector Molecule, Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm. , 157, 87 94. *
1988 Article by Hibbs, Jr., et al., Nitric Oxide: A Cytotoxic Activated Macrophage Effector Molecule, Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm., 157, 87-94.
1989 Article by Bonakdar, et al., Continuous Flow Performance of Carbon Electrodes Modified With Immobilized Fe(II)/Fe(III) Centers, Calanta , vol., 36, No. 1/2, pp. 219 225. *
1989 Article by Bonakdar, et al., Continuous-Flow Performance of Carbon Electrodes Modified With Immobilized Fe(II)/Fe(III) Centers, Calanta, vol., 36, No. 1/2, pp. 219-225.
1989 Article by Ignarro, Endothelium Derived Nitric Oxide: Actions and Properties, The FASEB Journal , vol. 3, Jan. *
1989 Article by Ignarro, Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide: Actions and Properties, The FASEB Journal, vol. 3, Jan.
1989 Article by Kuhn, et al., Endothelium Dependent Vasodilatation in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries: Effect of Prolonged Exposure to Glycerol Trinitrate or SIN 1, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , 14 (Suppl. 11), S47 S54. *
1989 Article by Kuhn, et al., Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries: Effect of Prolonged Exposure to Glycerol Trinitrate or SIN-1, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 14 (Suppl. 11), S47-S54.
1989 Stuehr, et al., Nitric Oxide: A Macrophage Product Responsible for Cytostasis and Respiratory Inhibition in Tumor Target Cells, J. Exp. Med. , 169, 1543 1555. *
1989 Stuehr, et al., Nitric Oxide: A Macrophage Product Responsible for Cytostasis and Respiratory Inhibition in Tumor Target Cells, J. Exp. Med., 169, 1543-1555.
1990 Article by Garg, et al., Nitric Oxide Generating Vasodilators Inhibit Mitogenesis and Proliferation of Balb/C3T3 Fibroblasts By A Cyclic GMP Independent Mechanism, Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm. , 171, 474 479. *
1990 Article by Garg, et al., Nitric Oxide-Generating Vasodilators Inhibit Mitogenesis and Proliferation of Balb/C3T3 Fibroblasts By A Cyclic GMP-Independent Mechanism, Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm., 171, 474-479.
1990 Article by Ignarro, Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Endothelium Derived Nitric Oxide, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 30, 535 560. *
1990 Article by Ignarro, Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 535-560.
1990 Article by Ignarro, Nitric Oxide. A Novel Signal Transduction Mechanism for Transcellular Communication, Hypertension ( Dallas ), 16, 477 483. *
1990 Article by Ignarro, Nitric Oxide. A Novel Signal Transduction Mechanism for Transcellular Communication, Hypertension (Dallas), 16, 477-483.
1990 Article by Myers, et al., Vasorelaxant Propeties of the Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor more closely Resemble S Nitrosocystein Than Nitric Oxide, Nature , vol. 345. *
1990 Article by Myers, et al., Vasorelaxant Propeties of the Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor more closely Resemble S-Nitrosocystein Than Nitric Oxide, Nature, vol. 345.
1990 Article by Wilcox, et al., Effect of Cyanide on the Reaction of Nitroprusside with Hemoglobin: Relevance to Cyanide Interference With the Biological Activity of Nitroprusside, Chem. Res. Toxicol. , 3, 71 76. *
1990 Article by Wilcox, et al., Effect of Cyanide on the Reaction of Nitroprusside with Hemoglobin: Relevance to Cyanide Interference With the Biological Activity of Nitroprusside, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 3, 71-76.
1990 Marletta, et al., Unraveling the Biological Significance of Nitric Oxide, BioFactors , 2, 219 225. *
1990 Marletta, et al., Unraveling the Biological Significance of Nitric Oxide, BioFactors, 2, 219-225.
1991 Article by Jones, Metastable Polymers of the Nitrogen Oxides. 1. Open Chain Nitric Oxide Analogues of Polythlazyl: A MNDO/AM1 Study, J. Phys. Chem. , 95, 2588 2595. *
1991 Article by Jones, Metastable Polymers of the Nitrogen Oxides. 1. Open Chain Nitric Oxide Analogues of Polythlazyl: A MNDO/AM1 Study, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 2588-2595.
1991 Article by Maragos, et al., Complexes of NO with Nucleophiles as Agents for the Controlled Biological Release of Nitric Oxide. Vasorelaxant Effects, J. Med. Chem. , 34, 3242 3247. *
1991 Article by Maragos, et al., Complexes of NO with Nucleophiles as Agents for the Controlled Biological Release of Nitric Oxide. Vasorelaxant Effects, J. Med. Chem., 34, 3242-3247.
1991 Smith, et al., Nitroprusside: A Potpourri of Biologically Reactive Intermediates, Biological Reactive Intermediates IV. Molecular and Cellular Effects and Their Impact on Human Health (Witmer, et al., eds.), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 283 (Plenum Press, pp. 365 369). *
1991 Smith, et al., Nitroprusside: A Potpourri of Biologically Reactive Intermediates, Biological Reactive Intermediates IV. Molecular and Cellular Effects and Their Impact on Human Health (Witmer, et al., eds.), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 283 (Plenum Press, pp. 365-369).
1992 Article by Park, et al., Controlled Protein Release from Polyethyleneimine Coated Poly (L lactic Acid)/Pluronic Blend Matrices, Pharmaceutical Research , vol. 9, No. 1. *
1992 Article by Park, et al., Controlled Protein Release from Polyethyleneimine-Coated Poly (L-lactic Acid)/Pluronic Blend Matrices, Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 9, No. 1.
1992 Article by Smith, et al., Complex Contractile Patterns in Canine Colon Produced by Spontaneous Release of Nitric Oxide, Gastroenterology , vol. 102, No. 4 Part 2, Apr.. *
1992 Article by Smith, et al., Complex Contractile Patterns in Canine Colon Produced by Spontaneous Release of Nitric Oxide, Gastroenterology, vol. 102, No. 4 Part 2, Apr..
1992 Article by Stamler, et al., S Nitrosylation of Proteins With Nitric Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization of Biologically Active Compounds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA , vol. 89, pp. 444 448, Jan.. *
1992 Article by Stamler, et al., S-Nitrosylation of Proteins With Nitric Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization of Biologically Active Compounds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, vol. 89, pp. 444-448, Jan..
Chem. Letters Kobayashi et al. 1976 vol. 11 pp. 1181 1186. *
Chem. Letters Kobayashi et al. 1976 vol. 11 pp. 1181-1186.
Jones, "Metastable Polymers of the Nitrogen Oxides. 2. Open-Chain Polymers of the Nitric Oxide Dimers and of Nitrous Oxide: A MNDO/AM1 Study," J. Phys. Chem., 96, 594-603 (1992).
Jones, Metastable Polymers of the Nitrogen Oxides. 2. Open Chain Polymers of the Nitric Oxide Dimers and of Nitrous Oxide: A MNDO/AM1 Study, J. Phys. Chem. , 96, 594 603 (1992). *

Cited By (144)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1595573A3 (en) * 1996-08-30 2005-12-14 Duke University Stent comprising manipulators of nitrosative stress to reduce restenosis
US6171232B1 (en) * 1997-06-26 2001-01-09 Cordis Corporation Method for targeting in vivo nitric oxide release
US6645518B2 (en) 1998-09-29 2003-11-11 Eugene Tedeschi Uses for medical devices having a lubricious, nitric oxide-releasing coating
US6218016B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-04-17 Medtronic Ave, Inc. Lubricious, drug-accommodating coating
US6299980B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-10-09 Medtronic Ave, Inc. One step lubricious coating
US20040043068A1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2004-03-04 Eugene Tedeschi Uses for medical devices having a lubricious, nitric oxide-releasing coating
US7516742B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2009-04-14 Cardinal Health 207, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivery of inhaled nitric oxide to spontaneous-breathing and mechanically-ventilated patients with intermittent dosing
US6887485B2 (en) 2000-05-10 2005-05-03 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing metallic medical devices
US20010041184A1 (en) * 2000-05-10 2001-11-15 Fitzhugh Anthony L. Nitric oxide-releasing metallic medical devices
US6270779B1 (en) 2000-05-10 2001-08-07 United States Of America Nitric oxide-releasing metallic medical devices
US7520866B2 (en) 2000-12-26 2009-04-21 Sensormedics Corporation Device and method for treatment of wounds with nitric oxide
US8795222B2 (en) 2000-12-26 2014-08-05 Pulmonox Technologies Corp. Device and method for treatment of surface infections with nitric oxide
US7799335B2 (en) 2001-01-18 2010-09-21 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Differential delivery of nitric oxide
US6706274B2 (en) 2001-01-18 2004-03-16 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Differential delivery of nitric oxide
US20040171589A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2004-09-02 Herrmann Robert A. Differential delivery of nitric oxide
US8066904B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2011-11-29 Geno Llc Controlled generation of nitric oxide
US20030062043A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-04-03 Fine David H. Method and apparatus for nitric oxide generation
US8221800B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2012-07-17 Geno Llc Nitric oxide delivery system
US20030064028A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-04-03 Fine David H. Controlled generation of nitric oxide
US8371296B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2013-02-12 Geno, LLC Method and apparatus for nitric oxide generation
US7025869B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2006-04-11 Cyterra Corporation Nitric oxide delivery system
US7040313B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2006-05-09 Cyterra Corporation Method and apparatus for nitric oxide generation
US20030064115A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2003-04-03 Fine David H. Nitric oxide delivery system
US20060172018A1 (en) * 2001-09-05 2006-08-03 Geno Llc Nitric Oxide Delivery System
US20070087025A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2007-04-19 Anthony Fitzhugh Reiteratively layered medical devices and method of preparing same
US20050079148A1 (en) * 2001-10-04 2005-04-14 Fitzhugh Anthony L. Highly cross-linked, extremely hydrophobic nitric oxide-releasing polymers and methods for their manufacture and use
US7226586B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2007-06-05 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Highly cross-linked, extremely hydrophobic nitric oxide-releasing polymers and methods for their manufacture and use
US6703046B2 (en) * 2001-10-04 2004-03-09 Medtronic Ave Inc. Highly cross-linked, extremely hydrophobic nitric oxide-releasing polymers and methods for their manufacture and use
US8404665B2 (en) 2002-03-21 2013-03-26 University Of Utah Research Foundation In vivo use of glutathione S-transferase activated nitric oxide donors
US20050171066A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2005-08-04 Paul Shami Vivo use of glutathione s-transferase activated nitric oxide donors
US20070014828A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2007-01-18 Government Of The Usa, Represented By The Secretary, Dept. Of Health And Human Services Cross-linked nitric oxide-releasing polyamine coated substrates, compositions comprising same and method of making same
WO2004012874A1 (en) 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 The Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Dept. Of Health And Human Services Cross-linked nitric oxide-releasing polyamine coated substrates, compositions comprising same and method of making same
US7531133B2 (en) 2002-09-10 2009-05-12 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Use of nitric oxide gas in an extracorporeal circuitry to treat blood plasma
US20040228902A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2004-11-18 Medtronic, Inc. Moisture curable materials for delivery of agents, methods, and medical devices
US7776351B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2010-08-17 Medtronic, Inc. Moisture curable materials for delivery of agents, methods, and medical devices
US7829553B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2010-11-09 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing polymers
US8894985B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2014-11-25 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing polymers
US20110059036A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2011-03-10 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric oxide-releasing polymers
US20070286840A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-12-13 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymers
US7955294B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2011-06-07 Sensormedics Corporation Intermittent dosing of nitric oxide gas
US8518457B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2013-08-27 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Use of inhaled gaseous nitric oxide as a mucolytic agent or expectorant
US8083997B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-12-27 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US10124142B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2018-11-13 Vero Biotech LLC Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US7560076B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-07-14 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US7618594B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-11-17 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US9522249B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2016-12-20 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US11202880B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2021-12-21 Vero Biotech LLC Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20100150786A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2010-06-17 Rounbehler David R Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20060048779A1 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-09 Rounbehler David R Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8057742B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-11-15 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8226916B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2012-07-24 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8246725B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2012-08-21 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US11383059B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2022-07-12 Vero Biotech Inc. Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US11554241B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2023-01-17 Vero Biotech Inc. Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8609028B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2013-12-17 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8821801B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2014-09-02 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US11291793B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2022-04-05 Vero Biotech Inc. Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20060039950A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Zhengrong Zhou Multi-functional biocompatible coatings for intravascular devices
WO2006037105A2 (en) 2004-09-27 2006-04-06 Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Department Of Health And Human Services Nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolated acrylonitrile-based polymers, and compositions, medical devices, and uses thereof
US20070292471A1 (en) * 2004-09-27 2007-12-20 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Healt Nitric Oxide-Releasing Diazeniumdiolated Acrylonitrile-Based Polymers, and Compositions, Medical Devices, and Uses Thereof
US7968664B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolated acrylonitrile-based polymers, and compositions, medical devices, and uses thereof
US8093343B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2012-01-10 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolated compounds
WO2006066362A1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 The University Of Queensland Methods of treating pain
WO2006100156A2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Nolabs Ab Intravascular, interstitial or intraorgan medical access device, and manufacturing method thereof, involving nitric oxide
WO2006100156A3 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-11-30 Nolabs Ab Intravascular, interstitial or intraorgan medical access device, and manufacturing method thereof, involving nitric oxide
US8956658B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2015-02-17 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US8282967B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2012-10-09 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US8962029B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2015-02-24 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US11691995B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2023-07-04 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US9403852B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2016-08-02 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US9403851B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2016-08-02 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing particles for nitric oxide therapeutics and biomedical applications
US20080262330A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-10-23 Reynolds Melissa M Analyte Sensors and Compositions for Use Therein
US20090118819A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2009-05-07 Mc3, Inc. Nitric Oxide Coatings for Medical Devices
US20080241208A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2008-10-02 Charles Shanley Methods, Compositions and Devices For Promoting Anglogenesis
US20080306012A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2008-12-11 Government Of The United States Of America, Repres Ented By The Secretary Of Department Of Health Polysaccharide-Derived Nitric Oxide-Releasing Carbon-Bound Diazeniumdiolates
US7928079B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2011-04-19 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Polysaccharide-derived nitric oxide-releasing carbon-bound diazeniumdiolates
US20090287072A1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2009-11-19 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Polymer compositions, coatings and devices, and methods of making and using the same
US20070196327A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-08-23 Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nitric oxide releasing polymers
US9421223B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2016-08-23 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Nitric oxide generating medical devices
US8986724B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2015-03-24 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Nitric oxide generating medical devices
US8067025B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2011-11-29 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Nitric oxide generating medical devices
US8470358B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2013-06-25 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Nitric oxide generating medical devices
US20100233263A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2010-09-16 Florian Niklas Ludwig Methods and compositions for treatment of lesioned sites of body vessels
US20070243224A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Ludwig Florian N Methods and compositions for treatment of lesioned sites of body vessels
US7744928B2 (en) * 2006-04-14 2010-06-29 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. Methods and compositions for treatment of lesioned sites of body vessels
US8647680B2 (en) 2006-04-14 2014-02-11 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Methods and compositions for treatment of lesioned sites of body vessels
US8079998B2 (en) 2006-10-20 2011-12-20 Pulmonox Technologies Corporation Methods and devices for the delivery of therapeutic gases including nitric oxide
US20080317874A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-12-25 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US7947227B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2011-05-24 Geno Llc Kit for the conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8211368B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2012-07-03 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US10080823B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2018-09-25 Gearbox Llc Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices
US8877508B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2014-11-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide
US8349262B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-01-08 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Nitric oxide permeable housings
US7975699B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-07-12 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Condoms configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide
US8642093B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2014-02-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US8980332B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2015-03-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US7846400B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2010-12-07 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices
US7862598B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-01-04 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide
US8221690B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2012-07-17 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Systems and devices that utilize photolyzable nitric oxide donors
US7897399B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-03-01 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Nitric oxide sensors and systems
US8741222B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2014-06-03 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US20110168174A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2011-07-14 Fine David H Conversion of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) to Nitric Oxide (NO)
US11884541B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2024-01-30 Vero Biotech Inc. Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8187544B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2012-05-29 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US9701538B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2017-07-11 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US7914743B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2011-03-29 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US11312626B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2022-04-26 Vero Biotech Inc. Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US8609026B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2013-12-17 Geno Llc Conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)
US9005656B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2015-04-14 University Of Utah Research Foundation Activated nitric oxide donors and methods of making and using thereof
US20110182978A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2011-07-28 University Of Utah Research Foundation Activated nitric oxide donors and methods of making and using thereof
US9439915B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2016-09-13 University Of Utah Research Foundation Activated nitric oxide donors and methods of making and using thereof
US11744978B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2023-09-05 Vero Biotech Inc. Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US10926054B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2021-02-23 Vero Biotech LLC Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US8944049B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2015-02-03 Geno Llc Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US8607785B2 (en) 2008-08-21 2013-12-17 Geno Llc Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US20100043787A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Fine David H Systems and devices for generating nitric oxide
US8992601B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2015-03-31 480 Biomedical, Inc. Medical implants
US20130317600A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2013-11-28 Maria Palasis Drug eluting medical implant
US9278016B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2016-03-08 480 Biomedical, Inc. Medical implant
US8137396B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2012-03-20 480 Biomedical, Inc Medical implant
US8540765B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2013-09-24 480 Biomedical, Inc. Medical implant
US20130304177A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2013-11-14 Maria Palasis Drug Eluting Medical Implant
US9309347B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2016-04-12 Biomedical, Inc. Bioresorbable thermoset polyester/urethane elastomers
US9155638B2 (en) * 2009-05-20 2015-10-13 480 Biomedical, Inc. Drug eluting medical implant
US10617796B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2020-04-14 Lyra Therapeutics, Inc. Drug eluting medical implant
US10568994B2 (en) 2009-05-20 2020-02-25 480 Biomedical Inc. Drug-eluting medical implants
US8888840B2 (en) * 2009-05-20 2014-11-18 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Drug eluting medical implant
US11925764B2 (en) 2009-06-22 2024-03-12 Vero Biotech Inc. Nitric oxide therapies
US9526738B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2016-12-27 Novan, Inc. Topical gels and methods of using the same
US11583608B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2023-02-21 Novan, Inc. Wound dressings, methods of using the same and methods of forming the same
US10376538B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2019-08-13 Novan, Inc. Topical gels and methods of using the same
US9737561B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2017-08-22 Novan, Inc. Topical gels and methods of using the same
US9919072B2 (en) 2009-08-21 2018-03-20 Novan, Inc. Wound dressings, methods of using the same and methods of forming the same
US20110082464A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-07 Arsenal Medical, Inc. Polymeric Implant Delivery System
US8372133B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2013-02-12 480 Biomedical, Inc. Polymeric implant delivery system
US8646445B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2014-02-11 Geno Llc Nitric oxide delivery system
US20110220103A1 (en) * 2009-11-20 2011-09-15 Geno Llc Nitric oxide delivery system
US8591876B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2013-11-26 Novan, Inc. Methods of decreasing sebum production in the skin
US9713652B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2017-07-25 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Nitric oxide-releasing S-nitrosothiol-modified silica particles and methods of making the same
US8981139B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-03-17 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Tertiary S-nitrosothiol-modified nitric—oxide-releasing xerogels and methods of using the same
CN105899244B (en) * 2013-11-14 2019-02-19 pfm医用钛有限公司 Polyurethane with antithrombotic coating
CN105899244A (en) * 2013-11-14 2016-08-24 pfm医用钛有限公司 Polyurethane having an antithrombogenic coating
WO2016020443A1 (en) * 2014-08-05 2016-02-11 Christian Schrank Breast implant comprising a nitric oxide releasing material
EP2982386A1 (en) 2014-08-05 2016-02-10 Christian Schrank Breast implant comprising a nitric oxide releasing material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6110453A (en) 2000-08-29
US5405919A (en) 1995-04-11
US5718892A (en) 1998-02-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5676963A (en) Implants, prostheses, and stents comprising polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adducts capable of releasing nitric oxide
US5525357A (en) Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same
US5691423A (en) Polysaccharide-bound nitric oxide-nucleophile adducts
EP0793500B1 (en) Pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitric oxide-releasing polysaccharides
AU698525B2 (en) Use of nitric oxide-releasing polymers to treat restenosis and related disorders
US6379660B1 (en) Nitric oxide-releasing 1-[(2-carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates and composition comprising same
US5910316A (en) Use of nitric oxide-releasing agents to treat impotency
CA2205555C (en) Use of nitric oxide-releasing agents for reducing metastasis risk
CA2106105C (en) Polymer-bound nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct compositions, pharmaceutical compositions incorporating same and methods of treating biological disorders using same
CA2205564C (en) Pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitric oxide-releasing biopolymers
AU695579C (en) Polysaccharide-bound nitric oxide-nucleophile adducts
CN1187771A (en) Use of nitric oxide-releasing agents to treat imptotency

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20091014