Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
  • B05D1/185—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping applying monomolecular layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/76—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/175—Pantographs, i.e. printing devices
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/18—Electric or magnetic purposes in connection with recordings on magnetic tape or disc
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/185—Magnetic fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/50—Medical uses

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical friction part, capable of being engaged in friction relationships and made of a material suitable for being chemically functionalized.
• micro-mechanisms has been possible thanks to the appearance of new techniques, such as the sacrificial layer technique, the anisotropic etching method or the various other methods relating to deposition techniques on metallic and dielectric materials. or electrostatic welding.
• micro-mechanical achievements including, in particular, electrostatic micro-motors and silicon micro-turbines, the rotors of which can rotate at speeds amounting to several thousand revolutions per minute. It's clear that such micro-structures are necessarily the seat of very significant phenomena of wear by friction, phenomena which rapidly lead to the deterioration and destruction of these micro-structures.
• a first process is that, known as of Langmuir-Blodgett. It consists in treating flat surfaces, for example of porous or non-porous glass, by soaking and removing the support in a bath of hydrophilic liquid having, on its surface, a monomolecular layer of oriented amphiphilic substances, the hydrophilic parts of which are in contact with the liquid and whose lipophilic parts are pushed out of the bath.
• This deposit may possibly be supplemented with drying by heating, intended to somewhat improve the low solidity of the fixation of the amphiphilic compounds on the support.
• a second method of depositing a lubricant coating (THIN SOLID FILMS, 160, 1988 - 454-455) consists in depositing, in the vapor phase, alkylated silanes on a flat support (glass).
• the support to be coated is immersed in a toluene solution containing the lubricating amphiphilic compounds. It is then planned a heat drying treatment (cf. OKAHATA et al. - Langmuir 1986, 2, 538-540, EP-A-0 474 228 among others).
• OKAHATA et al. - Langmuir 1986, 2, 538-540, EP-A-0 474 228 among others cf. OKAHATA et al. - Langmuir 1986, 2, 538-540, EP-A-0 474 228 among others.
• the major drawback of all of these prior methods is that the bonds formed between the lubricating amphiphilic silane compounds are of very low energy.
• one of the essential aims of the present invention is to provide a method of lubricating a part capable of being engaged in mechanical friction relationships and, in particular but not limited to, making up micro structures.
• -dimensional mechanics of the micro-actuator type (motors, turbines), slides, gears, actuator combs ..., which allows to significantly reduce the coefficients of friction, in a durable and effective way, and which also allows to obtain a homogeneous lubrication, whatever the relief and the conformation of the friction surface considered.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubrication process which is convenient and economical to carry out.
• the present invention relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical friction part consisting, essentially, in chemically functionalizing at least the (or) friction surface (s) of the part in question, then in subjecting the latter a treatment for fixing a silane, the molecule of which comprises at least one hydrophilic end and at least one long lipophilic chain, characterized in that it comprises the following essential steps:
• the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain, over the entire friction surface, a coating composed of a monomolecular layer of a long chain lubrication compound, which turns out to be extremely adherent to the substrate.
• a coating composed of a monomolecular layer of a long chain lubrication compound, which turns out to be extremely adherent to the substrate.
• the surface chemical functionalization is carried out using a reactive hydroxyl group and / or a group comprising at least one hydroxyl group, such as a carboxyl.
• the lubrication compound has the particularity of having at least one hydrophilic end capable of reacting with the functionalized sites of the friction surface to form a strong covalent bond.
• Each lubrication molecule forming the monomolecular coating is therefore covalently attached to the mechanical part considered, at least on its friction surface (s).
• the compound also comprises at least one long lipophilic chain comprising from 5 to 60, preferably from 5 to 30 and, more preferably still, from 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
• R 3 wherein: - R j is an amino group, alkoxyl or halogen, preferably selected from the following radicals: ' . (CH 3 ) 2 - N—, NH 2 ,
• R 2 and R 3 may be identical or different, possibly equal to R 4 and constituted by an alkyl group of the type C m H 2m + 1 , m being between 1 and
• alkoxylated or halogenated amine preferably chosen from the following radicals:. CH 3 -, C 2 , H 5 ,
• R s being either an alkyl group, such as methyl, or a halogen group, such as Br or Cl, or a sulphite, carboxylic, hydrocyanic or phosphorus group, such as phosphonates, - and n is between 1 and 30 .
• the long alkylated chain - (CH 2 ) lake- may be substituted by unsaturated groups allowing crosslinking by bridging between the chains of the same molecule of lubricating compound and / or between different molecules, or by other groups promoting the lubrication.
• the lubrication compound is a silane and the reactive group is a hydroxyl.
• the method comprises the following essential steps:
• the process comprises a step la for washing and drying the hydroxylated surface obtained at the end of step 1 and / or a step 1b for degassing the hydroxylated surface, optionally washed and dried, by heating under vacuum. less partial.
• preparatory step 1 consists in ensuring the hydroxylation of the friction surface, with a view to preferably obtaining from 10 14 to 10 15 OH sites per cm 2 of surface.
• This hydroxylation phase can be carried out by pickling or soaking from a basic aqueous solution (pure or diluted) containing, for example, sodium hydroxide at a concentration ideally between 0.1 and 1 M.
• the duration of this step 1 is preferably between 5 and 30 minutes, with a pickling solution maintained at a temperature preferably between 15 and 40 ° C.
• the base can, advantageously, be replaced by an acid used pure or diluted, such as H 2 SO 4 .
• the hydroxylation is optionally carried out in the presence of an oxidizing agent capable of promoting chemical functionalization by hydroxyls of the friction surface.
• the oxidant can be hydrogen peroxide when using a base and chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) when using an acid.
• the hydroxylation consists of hydration in which the friction surface is brought into contact with double-distilled water maintained at a temperature above 40 ° C., preferably at 60 ° C, and more preferably still on the order of 95 ° C, for one to 48 hours and, preferably, for about 12 hours.
• the friction surface is then washed by soaking or flowing a fluid of distilled water supplied at ambient temperature and drying consisting in placing the substrate to be treated under a flow of inert gas, such as nitrogen, at room temperature.
• a fluid of distilled water supplied at ambient temperature and drying consisting in placing the substrate to be treated under a flow of inert gas, such as nitrogen, at room temperature.
• the optional vacuum degassing step 1b is carried out, preferably, at a pressure between 1 and 5 Pascals and, more preferably still, of the order of 1 Pascal, by heating the substrate to be treated to a temperature between 120 and 160 ° C and preferably equal to about 140 ° C.
• This phase of vacuum degassing lasts from one to five hours, preferably less than or equal to two hours, so as to obtain a completely dehydrated and degassed surface.
• the friction surface is subjected to an impregnation with a silane-based liquid, optionally pure, but preferably in solution in an inert solvent containing 0.5 5% by weight of silane with fatty chains.
• the inert solvent used is preferably an alkane, for example isopentane, hexane, ethane, isopentane being particularly preferred.
• the silane solution at a concentration of between 0.5 and 5% by weight, preferably about 2% by weight, is maintained at a temperature between - 10 and - 50 ° C, preferably of the order of - 30 ° C.
• the impregnation takes place, preferably, under a vacuum between, preferably, 1 and 5 Pascals and, more preferably still, equal to approximately 1 Pascal, for a duration preferably between one to five hours and , more preferably still, at least equal to two hours, to allow complete elimination of the solvent.
• Step 3 of the process according to the invention consists in carrying out a condensation of the impregnated silane by subjecting the treated surface to heating, preferably between 120 and 160 ° C., for a period of between 15 and 48 hours, in an enclosure at atmospheric pressure and in the presence of an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen.
• an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
• this step 3 takes place at approximately 140 ° C., for 24 hours.
• step 3 can take place, under an at least partial vacuum, in the same way as step 2.
• the last step 4 of the process consists in washing the surface with a silane solvent, such as ether, tetrahydrofuran, by soaking or flowing at room temperature and, preferably, renewing the solvent one to four times, so as to remove the excess silane.
• a silane solvent such as ether, tetrahydrofuran
• this step is ended by washing with water.
• a covalent grafting of lubrication type silane compounds is obtained on materials capable of being hydroxylated.
• This covers ceramic materials, semiconductor materials, materials based on silicon, carbon fibers, based on boron, platinum or others. Materials based on silicon are particularly preferred. Mention may be made, in particular, of SiC, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiOxNyHz, with:
• the covalent bonds formed are of the type:
• This cohesion is further improved by the formation of organic layers organized by the formation of Van der Waals bonds between the chains.
• the method according to the invention allows perfect penetration of the lubrication coating into three-dimensional structures of reduced sizes. It has been shown that grafting is efficient in porous silicon structures having pores of a few nanometers in diameter. It is thus possible to reach coefficients of friction ( ⁇ ) less than or equal to 0.1.
• the present invention also relates to the application of the lubrication method to micromechanical parts or devices such as micro- actuators (motors / turbines), slides, gears, wheels, pivots, ball joints, racks or combs actuators or to parts or macromechanical devices, such as magnetic read heads.
• the invention also relates, as a new industrial product, to a lubricated mechanical friction part, the originality of which is that at least its (or its) friction surface (s) is (are) coated (s) of a monomolecular lubrication layer, consisting of molecules of a lubrication compound, each of which comprises at least one hydrophilic end and at least one long lipophilic chain, each molecule being linked, by covalent bond, to the surface (s) friction.
• the mechanical friction parts used in this example are silicon wafers (100) covered with 70 mm of thermal silica.
• the silicon wafers are subjected to a chemical functionalization of hydroxylation consisting of soaking for 10 min in a bath at 70 ° C. and containing:
• the next step is that of impregnating the plates with (dimethylamino) octadecyl dimethylsilane liquid and in pure form, at temperature.
• the ampoules containing the plates are placed under vacuum (10 2 Torr) and sealed for the implementation of this step.
• the plates are then subjected to condensation for 5 days at 140 ° C. allowing the covalent grafting of the lubrication compound. Finally, the lubricated plates are recovered and washed with tetrahydrofuran.
• the friction experiments were carried out on a pawn-plane tribometer.
• the wafers to be tested are cleaned beforehand with tetrahydrofuran, then with ultrasound. They are then cleaned with a cotton swab soaked in ethanol in an attempt to remove the deposited dust which could distort the measurements.
• the force applied to the pin is 0.5 N.
• the tribometer used is of a conventional type (application of a vertical force W, measurement of the drag F and evaluation of the friction coefficient F / W.
• Fig. 1 corresponds to the non-lubricated silicon wafers and FIG. 2 to lubricated wafers according to the invention.

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Citations (9)

• 1992
  • 1992-07-29 FR FR9209633A patent/FR2694369A1/fr active Pending
• 1993
  • 1993-07-26 WO PCT/FR1993/000764 patent/WO1994003281A1/fr unknown

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