WO2005070544A2 - Device for reducing capillary forces - Google Patents

Device for reducing capillary forces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005070544A2
WO2005070544A2 PCT/DE2005/000124 DE2005000124W WO2005070544A2 WO 2005070544 A2 WO2005070544 A2 WO 2005070544A2 DE 2005000124 W DE2005000124 W DE 2005000124W WO 2005070544 A2 WO2005070544 A2 WO 2005070544A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid body
adjacent
hydrophobic
forces
liquid
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Application number
PCT/DE2005/000124
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2005070544A3 (en
Inventor
Horst Sonnendorfer
Franz Wieth
Original Assignee
Horst Sonnendorfer
Franz Wieth
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Horst Sonnendorfer, Franz Wieth filed Critical Horst Sonnendorfer
Priority to DE112005000597T priority Critical patent/DE112005000597D2/en
Publication of WO2005070544A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005070544A2/en
Publication of WO2005070544A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005070544A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • boundary forces occur between a liquid which comes into contact with parts of the known device and the device adhesion.
  • forces called cohesion act between the molecules, which, viewed over a time average, cancel each other out in magnitude and direction.
  • the cohesive forces of near-surface molecules do not completely cancel each other out and a non-vanishing resulting force acts on the near-surface molecules.
  • the liquid takes the form of a sphere.
  • the surface is minimized in terms of volume.
  • the number of molecules near the surface in which the cohesive forces are not compensated for over time as described above is lowest in this form.
  • the figure shows an enlarged section of a housing 1, as it can occur in principle at the contact zone between the basic housing 2 and cover 3 of the housing 1.
  • the interior of the housing 1, not shown in the picture, extends to the right side.
  • a layer 2b or 3b of hydrophobic material for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is applied to the surface 2a of a basic housing 2 and to the surface 3a of the cover 3.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the water 5 lying on the outside of the housing 1 cannot penetrate into the gap 4, because between the water 5 and the hydrophobic layers 2b and 3b, the material does not have such a high adhesive force that would suffice to overcome the cohesive force of water and that Deform water so that it gets into the interior of the housing through the gap 4 due to the capillary action.
  • the layers 2b and 3b can be produced, for example, by subsequent application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or by injection molding processing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the form of PTFE-PA in the area of the areas 2a and 3a. Due to the good adhesion of polytetrafluoroethylene - polyamide (PTFE-PA) to polyamide (PA), the workpiece can be manufactured inexpensively using the two-component injection molding process. The majority of the workpiece consists of PA and only the areas 2b, 3b consist of PTFE-PA. It is also possible to generate the hydrophobic regions 2b, 3b by using so-called nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be attached to the surface during the spraying process, for example, by covering the inner surface of the tool with these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are then transferred from the tool to the workpiece and remain fixed in it.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PTFE-PA polytetrafluor
  • a combination of the use of PTFE-PA and nanoparticles can result in a super-hydrophobic surface at low cost. Such a surface may be self-cleaning.
  • the water 5 on the housing 1 would have to change its outer shape in order to get into the gap 4.
  • This change in shape would inevitably involve an increase in surface area and would require the presence of an adhesive force.
  • the gap 4 in an inventive manner consists of a material which is hydrophobic, these adhesive forces do not occur sufficiently strongly and the water is not drawn into the gap 4.
  • the gap 4 is therefore not permeable to water in liquid form, but it is permeable to water in gaseous form. Another advantage of the invention can therefore be seen in the fact that the gap can also be used as a valve for condensation water in the housing.
  • One possible use is to prevent water from entering behind display panels, such as timetable holders at free-standing stops or other glazed advertising spaces.

Abstract

An adhesion force suctions a liquid between two closely adjacent surfaces of a solid between the surface next to the molecules and the solid which the liquid is in contact with. According to the invention, a corresponding covering of the solid body having a thin layer of a hydrophobic material prevents said adhesion force from arising.

Description

Vorrichtung zum Verringern von KapillarkräftenDevice for reducing capillary forces
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei bekannten Vorrichtungen der genannten Gattung treten zwischen einer Flüssigkeit, die mit Teilen der bekannten Vorrichtung in Kontakt kommt und der Vorrichtung Adhäsion genannte Grenzflächenkräfte auf. Innerhalb der Flüssigkeit wirken Kohäsion genannte Kräfte zwischen den Molekülen, die sich über ein zeitliches Mittel betrachtet in Betrag und Richtung gegenseitig aufheben. Die Kohäsionskräfte von oberflächennahen Molekülen heben sich nicht vollständig gegenseitig auf und es wirkt eine nicht verschwindende resultierende Kraft auf die oberflächennahen Moleküle.In known devices of the type mentioned, boundary forces occur between a liquid which comes into contact with parts of the known device and the device adhesion. Within the liquid, forces called cohesion act between the molecules, which, viewed over a time average, cancel each other out in magnitude and direction. The cohesive forces of near-surface molecules do not completely cancel each other out and a non-vanishing resulting force acts on the near-surface molecules.
Im Idealfall, ohne äussere Kräfte nimmt die Flüssigkeit die Gestalt einer Kugel ein. Bei einer Kugel ist die Oberfläche bezogen auf das Volumen minimiert., die Anzahl der oberflächennahen Moleküle, bei welchen die Kohäsionskräfte wie oben beschrieben im zeitlichen Mittel nicht kompensiert werden ist bei dieser Form am geringsten.Ideally, without external forces, the liquid takes the form of a sphere. In the case of a sphere, the surface is minimized in terms of volume. The number of molecules near the surface in which the cohesive forces are not compensated for over time as described above is lowest in this form.
Jede Änderung der Form der Flüssigkeit in eine von dieser Kugel abweichende Form benötigt Kräfte, die auf die oberflächennahen Moleküle wirkten muss, denn durch die Formänderung nimmt die Zahl der oberflächennahen Moleküle zu.Every change in the shape of the liquid to a shape deviating from this sphere requires forces that have to act on the near-surface molecules, because the change in shape increases the number of near-surface molecules.
Je größer die Adhäsion zwischen der Flüssigkeit und der mit der Flüssigkeit in Kontakt stehenden Oberfläche eines Festkörpers ist, desto mehr verformen diese Adhäsionskräfte die Form der Flüssigkeit.The greater the adhesion between the liquid and the surface of a solid body in contact with the liquid, the more these adhesive forces deform the shape of the liquid.
Wenn durch diese Adhäsionskräfte Flüssigkeiten zwischen zwei eng benachbarte Oberflächen eines Festkörpers "gesaugt" wird spricht man von Kapillarwirkung.When liquids are "sucked" between two closely adjacent surfaces of a solid body by these adhesive forces, one speaks of capillary action.
Diese Eigenschaft einer Flüssigkeit / Feststoffkombination ist in vielen Anwendungen nachteilig. Beispielsweise gelangt aufgrund der Kapillarkräfte Wasser durch Spalte und eng benachbarte Flächen eines Gehäuses in das Innere von Gehäusen.This property of a liquid / solid combination is disadvantageous in many applications. For example, due to the capillary forces, water gets into the interior of housings through gaps and closely adjacent surfaces of a housing.
Es sind aus dem Stand der Technik Materialien bekannt, welche hydrophobe Eigenschaften aufweisen und bei denen die Flüssigkeit / Feststoffkombination von Wasser zwischen zwei benachbarten Oberflächen keine bzw. eine vernachlässigbar geringe Kapillarwirkung erzeugt.Materials are known from the prior art which have hydrophobic properties and in which the liquid / solid combination of water between two adjacent surfaces produces no or a negligible capillary action.
Derartige Materialien sind jedoch aus verschiedenen Gründen, wie zum Beispiel Festigkeit oder Verarbeitungeigenschaften nicht für jeden Einsatz geeignet. Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, bei welcher einerseits die bekannten Materialien zur Herstellung der Festkörper weiterhin verwendet werden können und anderseits die Oberflächen dieser Festkörper eine hydrophphobe Eigenschaft aufweisen mit dem Ziel, dass , Wasser zwischen zwei benachbarten Oberflächen keine bzw. eine vernachlässigbar geringe Kapillarwirkung auftritt.However, such materials are not suitable for every application for various reasons, such as strength or processing properties. It is the object of the present invention to create a device in which, on the one hand, the known materials for the production of the solid can continue to be used and, on the other hand, the surfaces of these solid have a hydrophobic property with the aim that water between two adjacent surfaces has no or a negligible capillary action occurs.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1
Die Überlegungen, die zur Entstehung der vorliegenden Erfindung führten gehen davon aus, dass eine entsprechende Beschichtung der aus herkömmlichem Material gefertigten Festkörper mit einer dünnen Schicht eines hydrophoben Materials verhindert, dass die Adhäsionskräfte die Kohäsionskräfte so übersteigen, dass eine Kapillarwirkung entstehtThe considerations that led to the creation of the present invention assume that a corresponding coating of the solid material made from conventional material with a thin layer of a hydrophobic material prevents the adhesive forces from exceeding the cohesive forces in such a way that a capillary effect occurs
Nachfolgend ist anhand einer Figur der prinzipielle Aufbau näher erläutert.The basic structure is explained in more detail below with reference to a figure.
Die Figur zeigt einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt eines Gehäuses 1 , wie er prinzipiell an der Berührungszone zwischen Grundgehäuse 2 und Deckel 3 des Gehäuses 1 vorkommen kann. Das im Bild nicht gezeigte Innere des Gehäuses 1 erstreckt sich zur rechten Seite hin.The figure shows an enlarged section of a housing 1, as it can occur in principle at the contact zone between the basic housing 2 and cover 3 of the housing 1. The interior of the housing 1, not shown in the picture, extends to the right side.
Auf der Fläche 2a eines Grundgehäuses 2 und auf der Fläche 3a des Deckels 3 ist jeweils eine Schicht 2b bzw. 3b aus hydrophoben Material beispielsweise Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) aufgetragen. Die beiden Flächen 2a und 3a liegen eng benachbart zueinander, zwischen den beiden Flächen 2a und 3a. verbleibt noch ein Spalt 4A layer 2b or 3b of hydrophobic material, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is applied to the surface 2a of a basic housing 2 and to the surface 3a of the cover 3. The two surfaces 2a and 3a lie closely adjacent to one another, between the two surfaces 2a and 3a. there is still a gap 4
Das an der Aussenseite des Gehäuses 1 anliegende Wasser 5 kann erfindungsgemäß nicht in den Spalt 4 eindringen, weil zwischen dem Wasser 5 und den hydrophoben Schichten 2b und 3b materialbedingt keine so hohe Adhäsionskraft auftritt, die ausreichten würde, die Kohösionskraft von Wasser zu überwinden und das Wasser so zu verformen, dass es aufgrund der Kapillarwirkung durch den Spalt 4 in das Innere des Gehäuses gelangt.According to the invention, the water 5 lying on the outside of the housing 1 cannot penetrate into the gap 4, because between the water 5 and the hydrophobic layers 2b and 3b, the material does not have such a high adhesive force that would suffice to overcome the cohesive force of water and that Deform water so that it gets into the interior of the housing through the gap 4 due to the capillary action.
Die Schichten 2b und 3b können beispielsweise durch einen nachträglichen Auftrag von Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) oder durch spritztechnisches Verarbeiten von Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) in Form von PTFE-PA im Bereich der Flächen 2a und 3a erzeugt werden. Aufgrund der guten Haftung von Polytetrafluorethylen - Polyamid (PTFE-PA) auf Polyamid (PA) kann das Werkstück kostengünstig im Zweikomponenten Spritzgieß Verfahren hergestellt werden. Der überwiegende Teil des Werkstückes besteht aus PA und nur die Bereiche 2b, 3b besteht aus PTFE-PA. Auch ist es möglich, die hydrophoben Bereiche 2b, 3b durch den Einsatz von sogenannten Nanopartikeln zu erzeugen. Diese Nanopartikel lassen sich beispielsweise während des Spritzvorganges auf der Oberfläche anfügen, indem man die innere Oberfläche des Werkzeugs mit diesen Nanopartikeln belegt. Die Nanopartikel werden dann vom Werkzeug auf das Werkstück übertragen und bleiben in diesem fixiert.The layers 2b and 3b can be produced, for example, by subsequent application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or by injection molding processing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the form of PTFE-PA in the area of the areas 2a and 3a. Due to the good adhesion of polytetrafluoroethylene - polyamide (PTFE-PA) to polyamide (PA), the workpiece can be manufactured inexpensively using the two-component injection molding process. The majority of the workpiece consists of PA and only the areas 2b, 3b consist of PTFE-PA. It is also possible to generate the hydrophobic regions 2b, 3b by using so-called nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be attached to the surface during the spraying process, for example, by covering the inner surface of the tool with these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are then transferred from the tool to the workpiece and remain fixed in it.
Eine Kombination der Verwendung von PTFE-PA und Nanopartikeln kann kostengünstig eine superhydrophobe Oberfläche ergeben. Eine solche Oberfläche ist gegebenenfalls selbstreinigend.A combination of the use of PTFE-PA and nanoparticles can result in a super-hydrophobic surface at low cost. Such a surface may be self-cleaning.
Im gezeigten Beispiel müßte das Wasser 5 auf dem Gehäuses 1 seine äussere Form ändern, um in den Spalt 4 zu gelangen. Diese Änderung der Gestalt ginge zwangsläufig einher mit einer Vergrößerung der Oberfläche und würde das Vorhandensein einer Adhäsionskraft erfordern. Da der Spalt 4 in erfinderischer Weise aus einem Material besteht, welches hydrophob ist, treten eben diese Adhäsionskräfte nicht stark genug auf und das Wasser wird nicht in den Spalt 4 gezogen.In the example shown, the water 5 on the housing 1 would have to change its outer shape in order to get into the gap 4. This change in shape would inevitably involve an increase in surface area and would require the presence of an adhesive force. Since the gap 4 in an inventive manner consists of a material which is hydrophobic, these adhesive forces do not occur sufficiently strongly and the water is not drawn into the gap 4.
Bei mechanisch wenig beanspruchten Flächen ist es gemäß des Erfindungsgedanken auch möglich, ein auf dem Grundmaterial des Körpers haftendes Spray mit hydrophoben Eigenschaften auf die Oberflächen 2a und 3a oder auch nur eine der beiden Oberflächen aufzusprühen.In the case of surfaces that are not mechanically stressed, it is also possible according to the inventive concept to spray a spray with hydrophobic properties that adheres to the base material of the body onto the surfaces 2a and 3a or even only one of the two surfaces.
Der Spalt 4 ist somit nicht durchlässig für Wasser in flüssiger Form wohl aber für Wasser in gasförmiger Form. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist daher darin zu sehen, dass der Spalt auch als Ventil für Schwitzwasser im Gehäuse einsetzbar ist.The gap 4 is therefore not permeable to water in liquid form, but it is permeable to water in gaseous form. Another advantage of the invention can therefore be seen in the fact that the gap can also be used as a valve for condensation water in the housing.
Das gleiche Prinzip kann auch angewendet werden, um oleophobe Oberflächen zu erhalten.The same principle can also be used to obtain oleophobic surfaces.
Ein möglicher Einsatz ist es das Eindringen von Wasser hinter Anzeigescheiben wie beispielsweise Fahrplanhalter an freistehenden Haltestellen oder sonstige verglaste Werbeflächen zu verhindern. One possible use is to prevent water from entering behind display panels, such as timetable holders at free-standing stops or other glazed advertising spaces.

Claims

SchutzansprücheVorrichtung zur Verminderung von Kapillarkräften Device for reducing capillary forces
1 . Vorrichtung zur Verminderung von Kapiilarkräften die von einem Feststoffkörper auf eine Flüssigkeit wirken, wobei der Festkörper Materialeigenschaften aufweist, die auf Flüssigkeiten solche Adhäsionskräfte ausüben, die-zum Entstehen von Kapillarwirkung zwischen einer ersten Oberfläche des Körpers und einer weiteren, der ersten Oberfläche benachbarten Oberfläche führen können dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoff körpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, hydrophob oder oleophob ausgebildet sind.1 . Device for reducing capillary forces which act on a liquid from a solid body, the solid body having material properties which exert such adhesive forces on liquids that can lead to the development of capillary action between a first surface of the body and a further surface adjacent to the first surface characterized in that the areas (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3) which are adjacent to other surfaces (2a, 3a) are hydrophobic or oleophobic.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoffkörpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, mit einem hydrophoben oder oleophoben Material beschichtet sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the regions (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3) which are adjacent to other surfaces (2a, 3a) are coated with a hydrophobic or oleophobic material.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoff körpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, aus einem hydrophoben oder oleophoben Material (2b, 3b) bestehen.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3), the other surfaces (2a, 3a) are adjacent, made of a hydrophobic or oleophobic material (2b, 3b) consist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeicnnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoff körpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, eine Nanopartikelstruktur aufweisen.4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regions (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3) which are adjacent to other surfaces (2a, 3a) have a nanoparticle structure.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoffkörpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, zusätzliche Nanopartikel aufweisen.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regions (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3) which are adjacent to other surfaces (2a, 3a) have additional nanoparticles.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche (2a, 3a) der Oberfläche des Feststoff körpers (2, 3), die anderen Oberflächen (2a, 3a) benachbart sind, aus Polytetrafluorethylen- Polyamid ( PTFE-PA ) bestehen. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the areas (2a, 3a) of the surface of the solid body (2, 3), the other surfaces (2a, 3a) are adjacent, made of polytetrafluoroethylene-polyamide (PTFE-PA) consist.
PCT/DE2005/000124 2004-01-27 2005-01-27 Device for reducing capillary forces WO2005070544A2 (en)

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DE200420001229 DE202004001229U1 (en) 2004-01-27 2004-01-27 Device for reducing capillary forces

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